PAPILIO. By Dr. K. Jordan. 31 



Zagreus-Group. 



The remaining Fluted -Papilios are powerfully built insects with strong neuration in the forewing. The 

 frons is either quite black or bears a yellow mesial line, never a yellow lateral streak along the eye. In the 

 mimetic sayreKg-gvoivp the antennae are long, yellow, with thin club; the frons has a yellow mesial stripe, the 

 breast is diagonally streaked with yellow, the abdomen is for the most part yellow, the costal margin of the fore- 

 wing is not dentate, the cell of the forewing is broad and the hindwing is rounded, without a tail. The species 

 resemble Tifhoreu species, but are much more powerfully built. The earlier stages are unknown. The ?? are very 

 rare in collections: they are similar to the cfcf. 



P. zagreus Douhl. (He). The spots of the forewing orange, the marginal ones yellow; hindwing za^reiw. 

 orange, a marginal band enclosing a yellow submarginal spot, a basal subcostal area, a patch in the 

 extremity of the cell, as well as several spots on the disc, black. — Venezuela and Colombia, southwards 

 to Bolivia, descending on the Amazon as far as Ega; varying individually, but not distinctly geographical^. 



P. ascolius. Hindwing without black spots in the cell and on the disc. Ghiriqui to West Ecuador, 

 occurring in Colombia together with the preceding species. Geographical^ and individually variable. — 

 zalates Godm. & Suit-, is the most northern form. The cell area of the forewing is dusted with black, the zalates. 

 subapical cell-spot is narrow, the discal spots are short, the marginal area of the hindwmg narrower than 

 in the other forms and the hindwing beneath deeper orange. Republic of Panama, found in various locali- 

 ties. — daguanus B. £• J. The cell-spot of the forewing as in zalates, the discal spots on the contrary as daguanus. 

 in ascoliug, the discal spot between the 1. and 2. radial much shorter than the one placed behind it; hind- 

 wing pale, much less orange than in ascolius, the black basal streak broad, entering the cell, behind this 

 streak a large black spot on the disc. West Colombia, at the Rio Dagua. — ascolius Fldr. (lie). The ascolius. '^ 

 basal area of the cell of the forewing always pure pale yellow, between the 3. radial and 1. median two 

 spots touching the cell: cell of the hindwing and the adjoining parts of the disc orange. Magdalena Vallej' Z' 



and Cordillera of Bogota. — rosenbergi Bruce. The subapical cell-spot of the forewing large, the discal msenbergi. 

 spot between the 1. and 2. radial usually small, sometimes absent, rai'ely large, the following discal spots 

 on the whole larger than in the preceding forms, whilst the posterior submarginal spots are smaller; the 

 hindwing mostly ver}- pale, yet sometimes more orange than the palest specimens of ascolius. West Ecuador, 

 found by RosenbehCt at a height of 1000 to 3500 ft. 



P. bachus. The orange area of the hindwing of the preceding species is here only represented by 

 a naiTOw variable band: however, the veins are often more or less yellowish on the underside. The ? is / 



not known. Colombia to Bolivia. Two subspecies. — bachus Fldr. (1 1 c). The yellow spots of the fore- bachus. ^ 

 wing above and beneath quite pale, only the proximal cell-spot and the posterior discal spots somewhat 

 orange. Colombia: found by Dr. BLTRtrER at the beginning of the rainy season in the Cordillera of Bogota; , 



rare in collections. — chrysomelus li. & J. The forewing orange above and beneath from the base to the dirysomelus. ^ 

 disc, at the costal margin more or less pale yellow. Peru and Bolivia, not rare. From Ecuador no specimen 

 of bachvs has become kno-\vn to us. — " 5^ ^^ .T^)D..'_ tfieK) . S-C^^-iksX-J^-C '.'. 



Scamander-Group. 



P. heUunichiiii, scamandcr, hirrhaUi and x(nifhophnra belong to the scummidcr - ^\qiW(s. The frons is black 

 and the otherwise .black palpus has a white dot. The costal margin of the forewing is feebly dentate, especially 

 near the base, but the dentition only becomes distinct if the margin is denuded. Only the larva of iscamander is 

 known; when full-grown it is black-brown beneath, green elsewhere, and bears a transverse band before and behind 

 on the .3. thoracic segment, as well as two diagonal bands on the abdomen, which are usually united on the back, 

 forming an X- shaped mark. The young larva on the contrary is brown and has on the middle segment and on 

 each of the posterior ones a large gi'ey patch. The pupa is green or brown-grey; it is fastened low down on the 

 stem, usually close to the ground. On Magnolia, Canella and Citrus. 



P. hellanichus Tiew. (lid). The yellow spots on the upper surface of the wings are large. The hellanidms. [^ 

 insect reminds one superficially of machaon, with which, however, it is not closely allied. The markings of 

 the under surface as well as the structure prove that hellanichus is the southern representative of scama)ider. 

 The cell has also on the upper surface a yellow spot, which on the forewing is sometimes very small, on 

 the hindwing always large. The spots of the discal band have almost all reddish tips. ? quite similar to 

 the cf . — Uruguay and the adjoining parts of Argentina and Brazil, especially in the neighbourhood of the 

 river and on the islands in the estuary of the La Plata. 



P. scamander. Cell of the forewing without spot, that of the hindwing sometimes with a small 

 spot; a pale yellow curved discal band, broken up into spots, on both wings, cf and ? very similar. Larvae ' 

 and pupae described above. Brazil, common in hiUy country, though not everywhere. Three geographical 

 forms, which completely intergrade. — grayi Boisd. The submarginal macular band of the forewing evenh' grayi. 

 curved, the discal band broadest posteriorly; the red discal spots on the under surface of the hind wing- 

 separated from the discal band. Bahia to Parana. — eurymander Hopf. The first 2 or 3 submarginal eurymander. 



