BARONIA. By Dr. K. Jordan. — PARNASSIUS. By H. Stichel. 45 



closed together: the ? after copulation with so-called pouch. Larva on Aristolochia , and like the pupa, 

 formed and coloured quite as in the Aristolochia-Papilios of the Papilio perrlwb-m group. In these Aristolochia- 

 Papilios we find already a rudimentary pouch; in Eurtjade>< it is large, bilobate. — This genus is confined 

 to the Rio Parana (with its tributaries), Argentina and Paraguay ; 2 species, which are both sexually dimorphic. 



E. duponcheli Lm-. (17b). Tailed, o^ velvety black, with a yellow band of large patches in the duponcheli. 

 middle and on the hindwing also 2 rows of red spots, of which the submarginal row is only more or less 

 indicated above. ? yellow-brown, black distally and in the cell of the forewing, the macular band above 

 only indicated by 2 subcostal patches, Avhich are situated on the forewing; the red spots of the hindwing 

 above vi\^d red; under surface for the most part grey-yellow. — From Buenos Aires northward, commonest 

 in North- West Argentina. 



E. corethrus Boisd. (17 b, c). Tailless, cf much paler than in duponcheli, semitransparent ; hind- corethms. 

 wing also above with a band of yellow spots outside the red discal spots. ? likewise paler than in the 

 preceding species, the margm more narrowlv black, the very pale red submarginal spots of the hindwing 

 large, the discal row on the contrary replaced by black spots, only the last always dotted with reddish 

 grey, but often also the first and sometimes the next two as well. — Not c{uite so common as the pre- 

 ceding species and not so widel}' distributed ; more in the neighbourhood of the Rio Parana and Rio Paraguay. 



3. Gemis: Baroiiia Salv. 



Antenna short , with broad club. Legs likewise very short , femora with long hairs , before the 

 extremity with some stiff bristles, tibiae rough with bristles; 1. segment of the tarsus about Vs as long as 

 the tibia; the spin- of the foretibia reaching to ^/i. Forewing rather narrow, 1. and 2. subcostals close 

 together, the 1. confluent with the costa and partly also with the 2. subcostal, the 3. absent, the 4. and 5. 

 rather long stalked; 1. radial arising from the cell; hindmargin of the cell almost straight, no median spur; 

 hind^\■ing rounded, with lai'ge basal cell, the 1. subcostal, which closes it distally, very weak; precostal 

 forked, 2. subcostal branching off much more distally from the cell than the 2. median. Scales of the wings 

 roimded. — The only kno'mi species belongs in the neighbourhood of Farnassins. — Guerrero, West Mexico. 



B. brevicornis Sale. (17 c). Mr. 0. T. Baron discovered this peculiar insect in the neighbourhood brevkomis. 

 of the to-mi of Chilpancingo, recentlj' destroyed by an earthquake, where the butterflies were flying in June 

 and July at a height of 4500 ft. He only took 5 specimens, which are in the collections of Godman, 

 Rothschild and the Cahforaia Academy. Blackish brown, with pale yellow markings; all the spots of the 

 hindwing beneath are silvery white as well as the apical and submarginal spots of the forewing. ¥ somewhat 

 larger than the cf, the light markings more extended. 



4. Genus: Parnas^iiis Latr. 



For the general characters the reader is referred to the descriptions in Part I, Vol. I, p. 19. A 

 special distinguisliing feature of the genus is the absence of the hindmarginal vein in the hindwing and of 

 the transverse vein present m the genus Papilio s. sir. between median and submedian near the base of the- 

 forewing. A striking characteristic moreover is the pouch (Abdominaltasche, poche cornee) of the impregnated 

 female, mentioned in Euryades, which besides is only found in a few of the allied genera, namely in Eiinjcua 

 Bold., Litehdorfia Criig., also occurring in a single species of the genus Papilio (P. proneus Hbn.) (Jordan) 

 and in the whole family of Acraeidae. Exhaustive observations and investigations have been devoted 

 to the nature of this appendage. It is not an organ of the body, but a product of the insect itself, and is 

 produced during the copulation of the sexes in this way, that the cT ejects from a gland at the anal ex- 

 tremitj" a secretion which hardens very quickly, and in the moment of ejection with the assistance of a 

 special membranous organ (peraplast) assumes a definite form and is attached to the abdomen of the ? 

 (SiEBOLD, Thomson, Scudder). This product is therefore an independent creation of the organs of copula- 

 tion, but its foi-m appears to depend on the peculiar structure of these, and is therefore to be regarded as 

 a valuable means of help in the differentiation of the species and in arranging them into natural groups. 

 Concerning the purpose of this peculiar appendage nothing is known with certainty. One would suppose 

 that it plays some part in oviposition, but this is contradicted by Thomson's observations in breeding Par- 

 nassius apoUo L. in the Insectarium of the Zoological Gardens in London; he is of the opinion that the 

 pouch is without any utihty after copulation. The fact that ?? of Parnassius species have been taken, in 

 the pouch of which a loose egg was found, permits the supposition that the insect carries this with it until 

 it has found a suitable place for laying. 



The Parnassius forms are inhabitants of the mountains in the Northern temperate zone, entirely 

 wanting in the tropics, subtropics and the Southern temperate zone of America, even in those heights of 

 the Cordillera which woidd suit their conditions of hfe. Their area of distribution is confined to a Western 

 strip of North America. As Southern limit about 35" N. Lat. may be taken, in the East the principal chain 



