Ji 



58 PIERIS. By J. Rober. 



Belt., from Chile, Peru and Bolivia, has somewhat more black markings than antodice. Larva violet, with 

 citron-yellow^ longitudinal bands, head, legs and underside greenish yellow. Pupa pale yellowish, with blackish 

 dots, a small hump on the middle of the dorsum. Lives on Cleome pentaphylla and other allied plants and 

 causes the same damage to agriculture and horticulture as brassicae and rapae in the Palaearctic Region. 



J/ sevata. P. sevata FIdr. (18 f), from Colombia, Venezuela and Central America, is similar to monuatc, but is 



distinguished from it bj- a broad layer of scent-scales along almost all the longitudinal veins of the forewing 

 and also two veins of the hindwing. The under surface of the cf is yellowish white, the apex of the fore- 

 wing somewhat darker yellow, the costal margin of the hindwing narrowlj' edged with ochre-yellow. — In 

 rfw. tiburtia Fruhst., from Guatemala, the black apical spot has almost entirely disappeared and the black median 

 spot is reduced, apex of the forewing beneath yellowish white, hindwing beneath with more vivid gloss, 



Jj timotina. rose-coloured instead of yellowish, veins not suffused with black. — timotina Fruhst., from Peru, is larger, 

 with broader and more extended black margin, which is deepty dentate, a large black median spot, under 



Jv amphissn. surface darker, median spot sharper and the veins more distinctly streaked with brown. — atnphissa Fruhst., 

 from Bolivia, is smaller than tiburtia, upperside j'ellowish white, entirel}' without markings, only the costal 

 margin of the forewing lightly suffused with brown, without median spot, underside of the forewing white 

 with yellowish apex and brown median spot, hindwing uniform pale yellowish white with orange-coloured 

 basal spot. 



/? sincera. P. sincera Wetjm. (18 f), from Ecuador (Guayaquil), is greenish white above with black apical and 



distal-marginal area on the forewing as well as ver}^ small black marginal markings on the hindwing. The 

 underside is lighter and without markings except a yellow stripe at the costal margin of the hindwing. ■ 



P biiniae. P. buniac FIbn. (= endeis Godt.) (19 a) is the giant of the American species of Fieris. From this 



Ji ausia. form, which occurs in the central jJi'ovinces of Brazil, ausia iV/r., from the southern provinces, is distinguished 



by a somewhat more extensive development of the black markings , which in both sexes sometimes occur 



Jf rusella. also in the middle and at the distal margin of the hindwing beneath; to ab. rusella Fruhst. belong ?? in 



// digentia. which the black band of the forewing is wanting (Bahia, Espiritu Santo). ?-ab. digentia Fruhst., from Bahia, 



Jffi sabella. is remarkable for the specially broad black band of the forewing. — sabella Fruhsl. (^ ausia >>fgr.}, from 



^/ pharetia. the Upper Amazon, has no markings at all on the under surface of the hindwing. — pharetia Fruhst., from 



Peru, is larger, the apical spot of the forewing beneath is effaced, the underside of the hindwing only with 



J/l imperator. traces of a brown transverse band or without even these. — imperator Kirby, from the Upper Amazon, is 



the most darkly marked form; in it the ? has also on the upperside of the hindwing abundant black markings 



and on the upperside of the forewing a curved black band occupying half the costal margin and the dis- 



J^J ■./' phaloe. cocellular. — phaloe Godt., from the Upper Amazon, is smaller and with less markings than imperator. — 



diana. diana Fldr., from Colombia, has the black apical and marginal markings diffuse. — sublineata Schaus f^m?i; 



TT uf sublineata. fj-om Peru, is distinguished chiefly by the stronglj' yellow colouring of the hindwing beneath. — All the 



forms of biiuiae have an even broader layer of scent-scales at the veins than sevata. 



^' amaiyilis. P. amaryllis /-'. (19 a), from Jamaica, differs ivom josepha 'by i\i% ,cafe-au-lait' colouring. — josepha 



ijl joseplia. Goelni. and Salv. (19 a), from Mexico and Central America, also discovered by Herr L. Hartmamn of Wiirz- 



burg in Texas, is undoubtedly nearly allied to the preceding species, but must certainly be regarded as a 



separate species on account of the peculiar form of the cf and the style of marking of the ?. On the under 



J surface besides the black median spot of the forewing there are onlv quite small dark markings present in 



HI gervasia. the middle of the wings, ab. gervasia Fruhst. is a female form which has a white under surface with grey- 



ilf josepfiina. yellow scales. — josephina Godt. is the form from San Domingo. — protasia Fruhst., from Honduras and 



fl protasia. Nicaragua, has a much smaller black median spot. — krugii Deu:, from Porto Rico, is smaller, the distal 



fl '"S"- margin of the forewing more incurved, the black spots almost completely effaced. 



fl menacte. P. mcnacte Bdr. (19 b), from southern Brazil and Paraguay, is white above with dark scaling (some- 



times wanting) at the apex of the forewing. The ? has much darker markings. The under surface is yellowish 

 white with more or less blackish scaling (sometimes absent) along the veins of the hindwing. 



/* cniciferarum. P. cruciferarum 5(/r. {= casta 7vy., marginalis ScwfM) (18 f), from CaUforuia, is plain yellowish white 



above, beneath more strongly j^ellow, with ochre-yellow stripe and narrow black edging to the veins of the 

 hindwing. 



f^ rapae. P. rapae L. (19b) was introduced into Canada about i860 and has since spread as far as Hudson's 



/•^ novangliae. Bay and Soutli Texas. The larvae cause great damage every year. ab. novangliae Scndd. is a sulphur-yellow 

 form. — Larva Hght green, velvety, with a fine yellow longitudinal line on the back, paler laterally with 

 a narrow yellow stripe in which the black spiracles are placed, venter yellow-green, head brownish yellow, 

 20—30 mm. long. Lives on cabbages. Reseda, cress, etc. Egg pear-shaped with longitudinal ridges and trans- 

 verse folds, laid singl\-. Pupa yellow, greenish grey or brownish with 3 yellow stripes. 



