60 



PIERIS. By J. RoBER. 



and indistinct mai'ginal and submarginal spots. Under surface with a large black median spot and two black 

 submarginal spots, as well as greenish markings at the apex of the forewing and at the distal margin, in 

 the middle and at the base of the hindwing, veins for the most part yellow. — Full-grown larva about 

 33 mm., colouring greenish white, strongly mottled or sprinkled with grey, and with a very distinct orange- 

 coloured belt between the segments, each segment with 16 — 18 pitch-black tubercles, terminating in black 

 bristles, head yellow. Pupa in general like that of protodice, but less angular; the frons ends in an obtuse 

 projection, the head part is rounded, with uneven upper sm-face, the dorsal side of the thorax is dark grey- 

 brown, the elevation above the wing-cases, which ■protodice possesses, is wanting in beckeri, the rest is grey, 

 on the wing-cases and the back of the first two abdominal segments almost white; a light stigmatal stripe 

 runs from the margin of the wings to the anal extremity, between thorax and abdomen are 4 small spots 

 dorsally. Duration of the pupal stage 15 days. Lives on Grucifers. The first generation flies in April, the 

 second from the end of June for 8-4 weeks. No differences have been found between the Initterfhes of the 

 two broods. 



venosa. P. venosa Sciidd. (19 c). from California, is white on the upper surface with the veins scaled with 



black in the anterior part of the forewing and black dots at the ends of the veins on the hindwing, as well 



, as a black spot on the forewing between the 2. and 3. median veins, on the yellowish white under surface 



all the veins are rather broadlj^ and verj^ darkly margined, but the veins themselves light. 



itaticayae. ^ P. itaticayae Foeti. (19 d), from Brazil, is white on the upperside with yellow stripes between the 



veins and black apical area on the forewing and small black marginal marking on the hindwing. The under 

 surface of the fore^ving is white, j'ellow at the costal and distal margins, the hindwing is darker j^ellovv and 

 the veins with dark margins, 

 aripa. P. aripa Bdc. (19 d), from Venezuela, has yellowish white upper surface, with black apical and 



distal-mai'ginal marking, the under surface is somewhat lighter with a black median spot on the hindwing, 



balidia. at the apex of the forewing the black marking of the upper surface shows through. — balidia Bdr., from 



^ y elodia. Mexico, is generalh' more yellow, especiallj' on the underside of the hindwing. — elodia Bdr., from Mexico, 



is not essentielly different. It would be most correct to unite all the three forms. P. aripa occurs from Mexico 



to South Brazil, is nowhere rare and varies somewhat. The ?? have more yellowish ground-colour; probably 



elodina. balidia, which I only know from the figure, is an aripa- ?. — elodina .SVt/r. /. I., from Bolivia, is larger and 

 on the under surface almost pure white. 



eleusLs. P. eleusis Lac. (19 d), from Colombia and Venezuela, differs from elodia hy its much more pointed 



forewing, broader apical and distal-marginal marking, and also bj^ the black marking in the cell of the fore- 

 wing above. The ? has a yellowish upper surface to the hindwing and broader black marking in the cell 



helena. of the hindwing. — helena Luc, from Ecuador, has a narrower black margin, less black dusting at the 

 costal margin and lighter, almost white, under surface. 



M 



pylotis. 



olympia. 



sub- 



flavescens. 



maruga. 



V 



mia. 



phitoina. 



pentfiici! 



P. pylotis Goilt. (19 d), from Brazil, is white above with broad black apical and distal-marginal mark- 

 ing, and also a black median spot on the forewing, the hindwing has black spots at the distal margin, but 

 is, however, not infrequentlv entireh' white. The under surface is similar to the upper, but the distal margin 

 of the forewing is light grej-, the hindwing has a black spot at the discocellular and an ochre-3'ellow one 

 at the base. The ? onl}' differs bjr a yellowish tone on the liindwing beneath. 



P. olympia F/dr. (19 e), from Venezuela, Colombia and Peru, has wliite ground-colour with black 

 distal-marginal area and a small black median spot on the forewing, the under surface is silver-white with 

 black submarginal markings on the forewing and fine black veins on the hindwing. 



P. tovaria Fldr. (19 e), from Colombia and Venezuela, differs from ohjmpia in the more normal 

 distal-marginal area and the absence of the black median spot of the forewing. The ? has broader, but paler 

 marginal markings and the hindwing is j'ellowish beneath. — subflavescens Liirhij, from Ecuador, has the 

 hindwing yellowish beneath and the apex of the forewing sulphur-yellow. — maruga Fruhst., from Ecuador, 

 is larger than tovaria, with much broader black margins, the underside of the forewing darker in the cell 

 and the stripes between the veins are sharper. — gina Fruhst., from Peru, is larger than itiunnja, forewing 

 more pointed, the black distal margin essentially broader, more deeply indented proximally, the base of the 

 wing with less black scales, beneath the black band on the forewing broader. 



P. philoma Heir. (19 e), from the high mountain ranges of Ecuador and Peru, is white above with 

 verj' broad black margins and a white subapical spot on the forewing. The under surface of the hindwing 

 and the apex of the forewing are silver-white with sharp, thin black veins and stripes between the veins, 

 the forewing has also'the corresponding submarginal marking on the upper surface. 



P. euthemia F/dr. (19 e), from Colombia and Venezuela, is distinguished from pJiilonia by much 

 narrower black markings; the hindwing is white except for a narrow black margin. 



P. penthica I'loU. (l^e), from Colombia, is also similar to pliilomu, somewhat larger, with less black 

 markings, the hindwing is blue in the posterior half, the under surface of the hindwing, in addition to the 



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U 





u 



