PIERIS. By J. RoBEE. 61 



very fine, much less conspicuous J^lack veins, has only traces of the black stripes between the veins at the distal 



margin, on the other hand a rather large black spot on the discocellular. — stamnata Luc, from Venezuela, stamnata. ar 



is somewhat smaller, but otherwise differs little from penfhica. — messala Fralist., from Peru, has the fore- messala. fl 



Aving more pointed, beneath the cell of the forewing is more broadly scaled with black and the subapical 



black transverse band is somewhat narrower. — basiliola Fruhst., from Bolivia, is smaller and lighter, the basiliola. ^7 



white subapical spot of the forewing broader, the black distal margin of the hindwing decidedly narrower 



and the anal area of the hindwing above almost without blue-gre}^ scaling. 



P. subargentea Btlr. (19 e), from Peru, has the upper surface almost black, with white-yellowish 5;;6(7/-g-«?i'(?fl.^ u 

 markings. The under surface of the forewing is similar to the upper, only the apex is bluish instead of black. 

 The underside of the hindwing is bluish with silvery sheen, the middle of the wing whitish, at the costal 

 margin a yellow stripe and the veins and the stripes jjetween them are narrowly black. — lia Fruh»i., from Ha. y/ 

 Bolivia, is larger and is less extended black. 



P. caesia Luc, from Ecuador, is distinguished from tenuicornis Bllr. and Druce (19 t), from Central caesia. ^"" y^ 

 America, by narrower black distal mai'gins and the almost complete absence of the sulphur-yellow scaling tenuicornis. /.- -y^ 

 at the apex of the forewing beneath. The ? is black-brown except for the white median and apical markings 

 of the forewing and the yellowish middle of the hindwing. and has also a broad grey-brown submarginal 

 band on the underside of the hindAnng. — semicaesia Fkh\, from Colombia, is a small form with narrower, semkaesia. y¥ 

 pale black-brown margins and impure blue on the under surface. — phanokia Fruhst. (= semicaesia F/dr.?), phanokia. ^f 

 from Colombia, of wliich only ?? are known, is larger than caesia and has on both wings a much ])roader 

 margin alcove and beneath. 



P. cinerea Bew. (19 f), from Ecuador, has the upperside of the forewing white with the apical half «'«<?/■(•«, 0f^ \, 

 black, in which a white apical spot is placed, the hindwing in the cf is blue and in the ? black with yellow- 

 white costal margin. The under surface is quite similar except that there are small sulphur-yellow spots at 

 the apex of both wings, a stripe of the same colour at the costal margin and small ochre-yellow spots at 

 the base of the hindwing. The ? is paler coloured, the spots at the apices of the wings and stripe at the 

 costal margin of the hindwing on the underside are white instead of yellow. — Htana Fruhst., from Bolivia, litnna 7/ 



is smaller, the black distal margin narrower, the under surface of the forewing purer white, that of the hind- 

 wing paler yellow. — menthe Llopff. is the slightly different form from Peru. menthe. y/ 



P. mandela FMr. (20 a) is the oldest name for a species particularly rich in female forms. F. man- mandela. yf 



(Ida is the form from Venezuela with moderately broad black apical marking, in which are one larger and 

 several very small white subapical spots, and with very narrow black distal margin to the hindwing. The 

 under surface of the hindwing is lighter than in the better known locusta from Colombia. ? more hke the 

 cf than the ?? of the other foniis, distinguished from the cf by the broader black margin and the yellowish 

 tint of the rest of the hindwing. — apicalis Btlr., from the Upper Amazon, Peru, Colombia and Ecuador, apicalis. y^^ 

 is larger in both sexes, in the cT the black apical margin more sharply angled proxiraally, the distal margin 

 distinctly nan-ower posteriorly, the upper white subapical spot larger, the distal margin of the hindwing 

 broader in the posterior half, the under surface lighter; the ? is similar to the mandela- ?, the proximal part 

 of the hindwing gi-ey-brown to the end of the cell, the under surface of the forewing not sulphur-yellow at 

 the base, the hindwing lias more red colouring, the brown parts are more coffee-brown and the submarginal 

 spots larger. — noctipennis Btlr. and LJruce (20a), from Costa Rica and Chiriqui, has in the cf a somewhat noctipennis. y^ 

 broader black distal margin to both wings than mandela. The under surface of the hindwing is somewhat 

 darker and the yellow marginal spots are sharper and deeper yellow. The ? has the upper surface of the 

 forewing moi'e j-ellowish with black apical third in which a yellowish subapical spot is placed, the base is 

 yellowish .grey-bro-mi, the hindwing is black-brown with two small yellow subapical spots. — locusta Fldr. locusta. "^^ 

 ('20a), from Colombia, is scarcely different from vodipemtis in the cf, the ? on the otiier hand, has the distal 

 third of the forewing and the whole of tlie hindwing a deep purple-brown colour; a smairwhite subapical 

 spot on the forewing is sometimes present. The white colour of the middle part of the forewing is tinged 

 with red. The under surface of the hindwing is darker and the yellow submarginal spots are more indistinct. 

 — rubecula Frulisf. (20 bi, from Peru^ has in the cf three distinct subapical white spots, the black apical /-if6m//«. -^.^f? 

 and distal-mai-ginal marking only reaches to the first median vein, the hindwing is more broadly margined 

 with black and the under surface of the hindwing is very hght, with much yellow marking and vermihon 

 streaks at the base. The ? has a black central longitudinal band from the cell to the distal margin of the 

 forewing. — xanthomelas suhsp. nov., from Ecuador (Coca), is in the female similar to rubecula, the hindwing .yanthomelas. "^^y^ 

 has strongly yellowish ground-colour, which is also present on the basal part of the forewing, also the hind- 

 wing is much darker, the black central longitudinal band of the forewing is shorter and narrower, the under 

 surface of the hindwing is much darker and the vermilion and yellow streaks are longer and stronger. — 

 pallida mhsp. nor., from Bolivia (Yungas de la Paz, 1000 m.), has a smaller black apical part to the forewing pallida -/JiT' 

 above, with its proximal edge rather straight, and broad, diffuse black distal margin (o the hindwing. The 

 under surface, particularly on the hindwing, is vei'y light and only diffusely marked. — tithoreides Btlr. Hilwrcidcs. /^^ 

 i20bj. from Ecuador fBalzabamba), has in the c? a broad jjlack distal margin to both wings, the hindwing 



