68 CHARONIAS; APPIAS. By J. Robek. 



pharnakia. A. phamakia Friihst. (= archoniaoides Stgr. i. I.) (21 e), from Peru, is veiy diiferent from all the 



above mentioned JrcJwiiias-forms, and is probably a separate species. The upper surface is black-brown with 

 yellow spots on the forewing as on the underside, the hindwing is entirelj' without markings; ? in the 

 middle part of the forewing above and beneath brick-red. 



10. Genus: Cliai'onias Bob. 



For the reasons given under Archonias it is necessary to place the following species in a separate 

 genus. In the neuration there is a slight difference in that the two discocellulars of the forewing are of 

 equal length and the upper discocellular of the hindwing is considerably shorter than the other two. The 

 palpi are somewhat longer and stronger than in Archonias. Above all the external appearance is important 

 in determining the genus. 



'' eurytele. Ch. eurytele Hew. (21 e), from Ecuador and Colombia, is brown on the proximal part of the wing 



and black on the distal part, in the latter are placed yellow spots ; specimens with white spots may be des- 



albimaculata. cribed as ab. albimaculata ab. nor. The under surface is quite similar to the upper, but there are rather 



^//^ lyceas. large white submarginal spots at the distal margin of the hindwing. — In lyceas Gorhn. and Saiv., from 



Panama (Bugaba), there is only a streak-shaped spot of the brown colour of the forewing above present at 



dismorphitis. the inner margin, the under surface of the forewing is entirely black. — dismorphitis Bflr., from Ghiriqui, 



'' dismorphina. has the forewing deep black with light yellow spots and the hindwing light brown. — dismorphina Stgr. 



i. I., i'rom Colombia, likewise has the forewing very dark all over, with larger deep yellow spots, the hind- 



' nigrescens. wing being dark brown. — nigrescens Godm. and Sah\, from Guatemala, is a still further darkened form. 



— The ?? are only somewhat larger, otherwise not different. 



' theano. Ch. theano Bdv. (21e), from Brazil (e. g. Sho Paulo) is black with whitish streak-shaped spots. The 



? instead of white marks has dark yellow ones in the proximal and sulphur-yellow in the distal part of the 

 wings. The under surface is similarly, but more copiously marked, the hindwing is yellow with black veins 

 and black distal margin in which white spots are placed. 



11. Gemis: Appias Hbn. 



In the neuration this genus agrees entirely with Pieris, but the cf cf have a special characteristic, 

 namely two stiff tufts of hair (secondarj' sexual organs) on the anal claspers at the underside of the ab- 

 domen; the ?? are easily distinguished from those of Pieris by the peculiar colouring of the under surface, 

 which is weaker-marked and has a slight pearly gloss. The genus is represented in India by numerous 

 species, some of them beautifulh" coloured, and also in Africa by several species, but in America there is 

 only one certainlj' distinct species, which until recently was classed with the genus Daptonoura. As the 

 synonymous generic name Tacliijris, given hy Wallace, indicates, the insects belonging to this genus are 

 extraordinarily active. According to the observations of Dr. A. Seitz the Appias (especially drusilla) are only 

 equalled in swiftness of flight among the butterflies by the representatives of the Hesperid genus Spathi- 

 U'pia; in a few seconds they traverse long distances. They not only flv extremely fast but also manage to 

 take up their nourishment from flowers in the greatest haste. Onlj- in imbibing water from the damp ground, 

 where these insects, particularlj' the males, sometimes settle in large crowds close together, do they allow 

 themselves time, and engage in this activity for the moment as an amusement. 



drusilla. A. drusilla Cr. (= ilaire Godt., margarita Hbn., albunea Dalni) (21 f) is distributed from Southern 



Florida to South Brazil, and is common. The cf is white above, with slight blackish apical marking on the 

 forewing, sometimes entirely without marking, beneath yellowish white without marking, only with a small 

 j^ellow stripe at the costal margin of the hindwing. The ? is white above on the forewing, on the hindwing 

 yellowish, and has broad black margins, beneath white with a reddish sheen and very weakly developed 

 markings similar to those on the upperside, as well as yellow dusting at the base of both wings, especially 

 i; the forewing. The specimen figured by W. J. Holland in his Buttei-fly Book on plate XXXV as ? is accor- 



ding to the shape of the wings a cf with strongl}' yellowish upper surface and more strongly developed 



* hollandi. black marking at the apex and basal part of the forewing; this form deserves special mention as ab. hol- 

 f ./an«'ra. landi ah. nov. — janeira Bdnningh., hitherto only observed in the Botanical Gardens at Rio de Janeiro, has 

 ^M, also in the male yellow colouring at the base on the underside of the wings; v. Bonninghausen regarded it 



^ ^ poeyi. as a distinct species. — poeyi Btlr., from the Antilles, has in the c?" no markings above and is somewhat 



more yellowish beneath; the ? has more strongly yellow ground-colour and slighter marginal marking on 



the hindwing above, the underside is likewise more vellow than in drusilla-?. 



