'A 



92 COLIAS. By J. Sober. 



apex and distal margin of the forewing as well as on the hindwing, particularly at the eosta;! margin. The sil- 

 very median spot of the hindwing is edged with reddish. Larva on bilberry and willow. Edwaeds' attempt at 

 breeding was unsuccessful, as the larvae died during the winter. — The butterfly flies in July at an altitude 

 of 9000 ft. 



V 



« 



nastes. C. nastes Bdv. (27d) (the Arctic Sulphur), from Labrador, Greenland, Alaska and the Rocky Moun- 



tains in British Columbia, is dark gre_y-green with grey-black margins and red fringes. The $ is more yellowish 

 and has more distinct yellowish submarginal spots on both wings. The under surface of the forewing is impure 

 whitish, with greenish yellow scales, the rose-red fringes are conspicuous, the hindwing is yellowish green, lighter 

 at the margin, the white median spot is bordered with red and distally to it is placed a diffuse red spot, the rose- 

 red fringes are broader than on the forewing. The $ has a somewhat lighter under surface and on the forewing 

 :issii. some small black submarginal spots. — rossii Gn., from Boothia felix, has in the (J a gold-yellow centre to the 

 hela. forewing above, the Q is white. — hela Strecker, moma Strecker and streckeri Gr.-Grsh., from Hudson's Bay, 



07)1 ft 



streckeri. are aberrations which cannot be accurately fixed, as the species varies as strongly in America as in Lappland 

 (werdandi). 



r^behri. C. behri Edio. (27d), from the mountains in the west of North America, principally of California, is 



* a very variable species. The cJ is above yellowish green, densely and regularly powdered with blackish, with 



conspicuous yellow median spot on the hindwing. The dark distal margin is indistinct on the forewing, but 

 sharply defined on the hindwing. The fringes in the ^ are yellowish, in the 9 rose-red. The under surface in 

 the (J is green-grey, the median spot is indistinct on the forewing, but on the hindwing conspicuous, as above, 

 the costal margin of the hindwing is red. The $ has darker under surface and red fringes. 



\imperialis. C. imperialis Btlr. (27d), from Tierra del Fuego (Port Famine), is in both sexes so characteristically 



marked that it is impossible to confuse it with any other known species. Upper surface in the ^ deep orange- 

 red, the distal margin on the forewing broad, occupying fully a third of the wing, but narrower on the hind- 

 wing, both wings with large black median spot, inner margin of the hindwing yellow, under surface greenish 

 yellow, middle of the forewing orange with light-centred black median spot and black submarginal markings 

 and similar ones at the inner margin, hindwing with orange-red median spot and indistinct orange-yellow spots 

 round the discoftellular. $ less vivid orange with broader marginal markings, in which orange-red spots are 

 placed, ground-colour of the under surface much more greenish than in the^*, but with the same markings. The 

 locality of this species has not as yet been established with certainty, but is probably correct. ' 



M vauiieri. C. vautieri Guer. {27 e), from Chile, is in the ^ above orange-red with broad black-brown margin and 



median spot of the same colour on the forewing, the black-brown margin of the hindwing is much narrower and 

 is suddenly reduced towards the inner angle; the hindwing has a smaller, indistinct dark median spot. The 

 under surface of the forewing is orange -red, at the margins and particularly at the apex yellowish, and has a 

 black median spot and a submarginal row of black spots, which are larger posteriorly. The under surface of the 

 hindwing is yellow, slightly orange in the middle, the reddish median spot has a light centre, a reddish diffuse 

 spot is placed at the base of the wing and in addition there is a row of small reddish submarginal spots; the 

 inner margin is greenish. The $ has above yellowish white ground-colour, broader dark distal margins on both 



iy wings and light submarginal spots. The ground-colour of the underside of the forewing is impure white, of the 



i^ruiilans. hindwing yellowish, ab. rutilans Bdv. axe ^^ Avith broader dark margin. 



^cimniufi- C. cunninghami Btlr. (27e), from Ee«adii4 is only known in the male. Similar to vautieri, but larger, 



\ '"'"'• apical and distal-marginal border narrower, fringes orange-yellow. Under surface differing but little from that 

 of vautieri, the reddish spots of the hindwing larger, the black spots of the forewing on the contrary smaller, 

 fringes rose-red. 



\^ibmscula. C. minuscula Btlr. (27e), from Ecuador, is apparently nothing but a ,, miniature edition" of cunning- 



^ liami. The $ has white ground-colour, is similar to the vautieri-^, has on the upper surface of the hindwing less 



margnal marking, but is more strongly marked on the under surface, particularly of the hindwing. 



^meadi. C. meadi Ediv. (27d), from the mountains of Colorado, has orange-red ground-colour and almost uni- 



\ formly broad, light-sprinkled, dark distal margin. In the ^ the median spot of the forewing is only indicated, in 



the $ distinct, with light centre. The latter has small yellowish spots in the dark distal margin. The under 

 surface is strongly yellow, in the middle of the forewing orange-red with conspicuous white, red-bordered median 

 spot on the hindwing, less conspicuous dark median spot on the forewing and rose-red fringes. No white $$ 

 seem to occur in this species. — Larva on clover, not different from the -e/is-l3,rva. Pupa shaped like that of 

 'philodice, colouring green-yellow, ventral side more vivid than dorsal, head-projection yellow, a dark dorsal 

 costal line, small whitish spots on the whole body, wing-cases granulated. — Flies in July. 



Cvy^ts. C. elis Strecker (Strecker's Sulphur) (27f), from the western mountains of North America (Rocky 



Mountains), has brilliant orange-red ground-colour and much narrower dark distal margin than meadi. The $ 

 has paler ground-colour and much more yellow submarginal marking. The under surface is more sombre on 



