^ 



COLIAS. By J. Bober. . 93 



account of the dark scaling. According to Sprecker white $$ also occur. The larvae hatch at the end of July, 

 in captivity they pupate in the middle of April. The full-grown larva is dark yellow-green, on the back 

 somewhat lighter than at the sides, densely covered with short" black hairs which are placed on small tubercles, 

 each of which is surrounded with whitish, on each segment a black spot (occasionally absent), above the legs 

 a white stripe, head light green. Pupa like that of meadi. 



C. eurythetne Bdv. (= ampliidusa Bdv.) {211) is distributed from Canada to Mexico and from the eunjtheme 

 Atlantic to the Pacific: the species does not appear to ascend high in the mountains. It is extraordinarily . 



variable. — In hecate TT'ee/cs the wings are apparently somewhat more pointed, the veins in the apex of the fore- hemie.P^ 

 wing are less prominently yellow, the ground-colour is somewhat deeper orange-red. $-ab. alba Weeks is dis- alha.fo'f 

 tinguished from the similar eurijtheme-iorm ab. albina (= alba Stgr. i. I.) by more sharply defined and rounder albinaJ'/^ 

 white spots in the dark distal margin. — keewaydin Ediv. is the winter form with paler ground-colour in both kee.ivuiidinjT/^ 

 sexes; thet^* has often a narrower dark distal margin. — The summer form eriphyle Edw. (27e) has yellow ground enphijle.oy^ 

 colour and is above only distinguished from philodice by the yellow veins in the apex of the forewing. — ariadne ariadneJo'' 

 Edw. (^Tf) suggests a distinct species on account of the localized distribution of the yellow and the orange-red ' «- 



colouring and by the narrow distal margin. — californiana Men., from New Cahfornia, is compared by i\ie califomiana ' v 

 author with the European edusa; in the description no definite differential characters are given; the under sur- 

 face is said to be as in myrmidone. — autumnalis Cock, is similar to eriphyle, but smaller, with narrower margins, autumnalis. foi 

 the hindwing is more grej'-green. Flies in the autumn and spring. — Full-grown larva with dark velvety green 

 back, on each side a narrow white line, on which are placed irregular shiny vermilion spots, some of them being 

 shaded with orange-yellow. Under surface green. Pupa green with a stigmatal j^ellow line, above which on 

 each segment is placed a brown dot, a subdorsal brown spot, which begins at the margin of the wing-cases and 

 occupies two or three segments. Egg greenish white, transparent, pointed at one end and obtuse at the other, 

 longitudinallv ribbed, with obhque stripes between. 



' . • . rf^ 



C. Christina Edvc. (•27f, g), from the Slave River, has slight orange-red ground-colour and is conspicuous Christina. ^ "-^ 

 by the yellow basal part of both wings. The underside has no markings except the median spot. The $ is almost 

 white, its forewing with onh- a little dark dusting at the distal margin and black, white-centred median spot. 



C. lesbia F. is distributed from South Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) southwards and westwards into the Icsbia. fj^ 

 high mountains. Specimens from South Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina differ so little that they cannot be 

 separated. This form is in the male dark orange-yellow, specimens with violet reflections are not rare; the black- 

 brown distal margin is not sharply defined proximally. The under surface with the exception of the reddish 

 middle of the forewing is vivid j-ellow with the usual QoHas-marking. The ground-colour of the upper surface in 

 the $$ is very variable : orange-yellow, yellow, yellowish or white with grey dusting; greenish grey specimens ^, 



also occur. The white $-form has the name ab. heliceoides Capr. Probably the name pyrrhothea Ehn. (27g) ''^^^.';f°/f'^*' w^ 

 applies to the form from South Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina, whilst the paler specimens from Patagonia yj 



should be regarded as the true lesbia. — andina ^igr., from Bohvia (3000 — 4000 m), is sprinkled with blackish cmdinu.fj^ 

 and has a larger reddish basal spot on the underside of the hindwing. — arena Stgr., from Tierra del Fuego (Punta arena. f^V 

 Arenas), has narrower forewing with more pointed apex, light orange-yellow upper surface and broader dark .^ 



distal margins. — antarctica Stgr., from Tierra del Fuego, is a white $-form with unspotted distal margin. — antarctica.fy'' 

 puna Fruhst., from Peru (Puno, 12 500 ft. elevation), has rounder wings, more thickly and darkly scaled, and vuna. f^O 

 narrower dark distal margin to the hindwing. — Flies from November to January. Ch. Darwin observed a large 

 swarm of these butterfUes in Patagonia. 



C. hecla Le/. (= boothii Bdv., groenlandica Bulil, glacialis Mc. Lachl., hela Strecker) (27 g) occurs in hecla.fy/ 

 Greenland and extends there to lat. 82". It differs from the Palaearctic form sulitelma Auriv. by dark, duller 

 ground-colour; the under surface has the same character. — pallida Skinner <f Mengel is a lighter form. pallida. Oj/ 



C. dinora Kirhy (27 g), from Ecuador (12 000—16 000 ft.), is orange-yellow, with washed-odt, moder- dinora. ^7 

 ately broad dark distal margin to the forewing; the hindwing has a submarginal row of small, dark, inconspi- 

 cuous spots. The under surface on the forewing is somewhat lighter, on the hindwing somewhat darker than 

 the upper, the median spot is white, small and margined with reddish. The $ has lemon-yellow ground-colour ^ 



and yellow spots in the dark distal margin of the forewing — alticola Godm. d Salv., from Peru (3000 m), aUicola. ^^ 

 is larger, has somewhat blue reflections, darker and broader distal margin to the forewing, also narrower distal 

 margin to the hindwing, more distinct median spot, sharper yellow colour on the basal part of both wings and 

 somewhat lighter, but more strongly marked under surface. 



C. flaveola Bl. (27 h), from Chile and Bolivia (mountains), is pale orange-yellow in the $, in the rather flaveola. OH 

 broad dark distal margin of the forewing are placed four large yellowish white subapical spots, the under sur- 

 face has dull sulphur-yellow ground-colour. Deeper orange-yellow coloured female specimens are common xV^ 

 and may be designated ab. saturata. — euxanthe Fldr. (= Scahdoneura hermina Btlr) (27 h), from Peru, ^^xlmilie 6^7 

 differs but little. The upper surface is deeper coloured and the under surface more strongly marked. White /^-^^i 

 S$ go by the name ab. alba Stgr. i. I. alba. p/T 



