114 DANAIS. Bij n. Haensch. 



(& Salv. (= hermippus Druce), a form of gilippus, has much paler ground-colour and very large white spots: 

 especially at the apex of the cell of the hindwing; it inhabits northern Peru. 



plexaure. D. plexaure Godt. This small species is very similar to gilifpus; but the inner row of white spots, 



between the median veins of the forewing, is always larger, especially on the under surface. Moreover plexaure 

 has on the hindwing another row of white spots between the black distal margin and the apex of the cell. Further 

 the under surface of the hindwing in plexaure is always grey-brown, different from that of the forewing, whilst ' 

 in gilippus it is red-brown; flexaure occurs in southern Brazil and in Argentina. Larva on Asclepias curassa- 

 vica; very similar to that of erippus, but with another pair of false thorns on segment 5. The markings also 

 similar to those of erippus; the black is so much extended that the light ground-colour is almost entirely sup- 

 pressed except for 2 vivid yellow transverse bands. False thorns black, bright red at the base. Pupa likewise 

 similar to that of erippus. 



berenice. D. berenice Cr. {— erippus F., gilippus Smith) (31a) is the same size as gilippus. Dark brown, the 



veins little prominent. The white spots of the forewing are small; on the under surface of the hindwing they are 

 almost entirely absent. Veins on the underside of the hindwing more broadly margined with white on the disc. 

 The double row of small white marginal spots is usually incomplete. From the south of the United States and 

 strigosa. the West Indies to South Brazil. Bates describes as strigosa a form from Guatemala of somewhat lighter 

 colouring, in which the veins, especially on the upperside of the hindwing, are dusted with grey This form also 

 thersippus. occurs in Mexico and Texas. — ab. thersippus Bat., from Panama, is according to Godman and Salvin an unu- 

 hermippus. sual form of herenice. It has dull, dark reddish brown ground-colour and dark brown distal margins. — hermip- 

 pus Fldr. (31a) approaches herenice, but is easy to recognise by the strikingly light, grey-brown colour and strongly 

 grey-white dusting in the disc. It has also particularly large white spots on the forewing. It inhabits Colombia. 

 — Larva of herenice on Asclepias curassavica and amplexicaulis. It is whitish violet with red-brown transverse 

 stripes and violet incisions, as well as a yellow lateral line. On segment 2, 5 and 11 is placed 1 pair of 

 appendages. Pupa greenish with black-yellow transverse line on the venter and golden dots. It is more elongate 

 than in archippus without the sharp ventral ridge. The butterflies appear in June. They fly in large numbers 

 in sunny places up to a height of 6000 ft. 



jtimaicensis. D. jamaicensis Bat. Markings as in herenice. Colouring pale yellow-brown with brown margins. The 



veins of the hindwing margined with grey as in strigosa. Smaller than herenice. It was once brought in large 

 numbers from Jamaica. Larva Avith transverse black and white stripes, dorsally with a short yellow band on 

 each segment and yellow spots at the ends of the white stripes above the legs. On segment 5, 6 and 11 

 is placed 1 pair of red appendages, the first pair the longest. The pupa is light green with very small black 

 dots and golden spots. 



eresimus. D. eresimus Cr. (31b). Differs from all the preceding in the relatively small cell of the hindwing, as 



well as in the absence of the black and white margins on the underside of the hindwing. On the other hand it 

 has here near the dark brown distal margin a lighter broad band and between this and the apex of the cell 

 a second, undulate band, joined to the first at the ends. The colour of the upper surface is brownish, at the 

 base of both wings darker and at the distal margin black-brown. The black-brown costal margin of the forewing 

 is widened behind the apex of the cell into a triangle, the apex of which touches the opposite distal margin, 

 as in erippus; the white marginal and apical spots are likewise present. The abdomen is the same colour as 

 the wings. ■ Ceamer described the species from Surinam ; but it also occurs in other parts of northern South 

 America ; thus in Colombia, Peru and on the Amazons, though nowhere very common. Is fond of visiting 

 xanthippus. the banks of rivers. — xanthippus Fldr., from Brazil, is said to be most nearly alhed to the preceding and to 

 differ from it by lighter colouring, whilst the blackish distal margin of the hindwing is broader and the light spots 

 erginus. on its under surface are absent. — erginus Godm. <£■ Salv. This form is hkewise said to approach eresimus and 

 to be distinguished from it by the darker colour of the wings and more distinct white spots. The apex of the 

 forewing is almost black and the disc of the hindwing appreciably lighter. The habitat is northern Peru. 



clcoihcra. D. cleothera Godt. (31b). Very nearlj^ allied to eresimus, but differs especially in the under surface of 



the hindwing, the blackish veins of which, as in most other species, are margined with white. On the other 

 hand cleothera has also the two lighter bands there as in eresimus, and indeed the inner one is still darker 

 and therefore more distinct. The black costal margin is only widened as far as to the discocellular. The hind- 

 wing has mostly a double roAV of white marginal spots on the upper surface. Godart gives (erroneously) the 

 island of Timor as locality of cleothera; it occurs in Mexico, Central America and on the Antilles; according to 

 Doubleday also in Venezuela. 



2. Subfamily; Lycoreinae. 



Wings elongate. Abdomen extending beyond the anal angle of the hindwing; posteriorly thickened 

 like a club. Antennae reaching to the end of the cell. Claws with appendages. ^ with 2 retractile tufts of 

 hair at the extremity of the abdomen. The species of the two genera which belong here are confined to the 



