MELINAEA. By B. Haensch. . 123 



figure, in which some yellow colour is to be seen at the costal margin. — In magnifica Hsch. the subapical spots magnifica. 



have also become completely red-brown. — orestes Salv. is said to be similar to lucifer, without the yellow spots orestes. 



at the costal margin and in the apex of the forewing. The hindwing is as in hicetas. — phasiana Btlr. (33 a) plmsiana. 



differs from magnifica in the red-brown, black-margined apex. It is very similar to Mechanitis mazaeus. 



All these forms come from the Upper Amazon, from eastern Peru. — tnacaria Godm. <& Salv. has the forewing macaria. 



as in fJavosignata, except that the two oblong spots at the base are considerably larger. The hindwing has a 



large black spot as in lucifer and messenina. From North-East Colombia. 



M. mneme L. (= crameri Go(?7W. d- Salv.) (33 a). has likewise a black-brown spot on the hindwing, which, mneme. 

 however, extends to the costal margin, the base and a subapical spot remain red-brown. The oblique band of 

 the forewing is narrower and in the middle dentate; the spots at the base are rounded. Flies only in Guiana 

 and on the Lower Amazon. 



M. mediatrix Weijm. (33b), a superficially very similar, but sharply separated species, occurs on the medialrix. 

 contrary both on the Upper and Lower Amazon and also in Guiana. The forewing has at the base a pointed 

 double spot, the hindwing at the costal margin a red-brown band. Moreover, the hindmargin of the forewing 

 is broadly black, not so in mneme. — In the form matiensis Weym. the black patch of the hindwing is broken mauensis. 

 up into 2 bands. — In a further form, which I call ab. anina ab. nop., the yellow oblique band of the forewing anina. 

 is broken up into 2 small spots: one at the end of the cell, the other (oblong) in the black apical half at the 

 distal margin. From British Guiana. 



M. satevis Dbl. & Hew. (33 a) has the markings on the forewing as in mneme, but the ground-colour satevis. 

 is a pecuHar wine-red, as is the case in onlj^ a few other forms, such as Melinaea madeira and Ceratinia viola. 

 The hindwing is wine-red with dark distal margin and the indication of a longitudinal band in the apex, which 

 is more distinct on the under surface. On the underside the distal margin has small white marginal dots as 

 in mneme. BoHvia. 



M. maelus Heiv. (= pardalis Bates) has markings and colouring hke cydon Godm. & Salv. (33 b), but ™^^'"'^' 

 is distinguished by a yellow oblique band across the end of the cell of the forewing nearly to the distal margin, 

 which is absent in cydon. A very similar pattern recurs in Ceratinia castanea and anastasia. All these species 

 fly on the Upper Amazon. Hewitson describes under maelus another form, which he considers a variety, but 

 which belongs to quite another species. I call it : 



M. manga spec. nov. It has a lighter, red-brown ground-colour, a dark apex to the forewing with manga. 

 red-brown spots and 2 very small yellow ones. The basal half and the hindwing are as in marsaeus, except 

 that the median band is stronger and wedge-shaped. From the Amazons. 



M. madeira {Stgr. i. I.) (33 b) has a yellow oblique band like maelus, but this is extended into the cell madeira. 

 and to the 1. median vein. The ground-colour is wine-red, the apex dark. The median band of the hindwing 

 consists of 3 larger oblong spots and 1 small one. This form from the Upper Amazon (Manicore) appears to 

 be commoner than maelus and cydon. 



M. maeonis Hew., from the upper Napo in Ecuador, has a pattern similar to that of maelus, but the maeonis. 

 whole apical half of the fore-wing is black-brown except for the narrow transverse band and the 3 large suba- 

 pical spots. The hindwing has a dark distal margin and a curved macular band, which is connected at the 

 apex with the dark costal margin. — On the Ucayali in Peru occurs a nearly allied form, which I call zamora form, zamom. 

 nov. [Bang-H. i. I.). Here the ground-colour is much lighter, especially before the middle of the wing, and 

 the hindwing is distinguished by a light yellow longitudinal band between the costal margin and the dark median 

 band. The distal margin is only very narrowly edged with dark. 



M. mnemopsis Berg (= bohviana Stgr. i. I.) (33d). This species has only the beginning of the yellowish mnemopsis. 

 and dark bands of zamora at the apex of the hindwing. The distal margin is broadly edged with blackish, beneath 

 with distinct white dots. On the forewing the yellow median band is divided into 2 spots. This large form comes 

 from Peru and Bolivia. 



M. scylax Salv. (= ribbei Weym.) (33 c), from Costa Eica, has a unicolorous yellow-brown hindwing scylax. 

 with narrow dark distal margin. The forewing has the usual bands and spots with large black spots in 

 the disc. 



M. lilis Dbl. <& Hew., from Venezuela, and imitata Bates {= tachypotis Fldr.) (33 c), from Central /„jf(((;f(, 

 America and Mexico, are very closely aUied. In lilis the median band of the forewing is continuous and brown- 

 ish; in imitata it is yellow and divided Moreover, in lilis the central subapical spot is much larger. — In 

 the genus Ceratinia there are likewise 2 very similar forms from Central America and Venezuela: dionaea and 

 fraterna, and again Heliconius telchinia and the allied forms are confusingly similar to the two Melinaeas. 



M. ethra Godt. (= phasis Fldr.) (33 d). This typical South Brazilian species may be at once recognised ethra. 

 by the yellow longitudinal band of the hindwing and the isolated yellow subapical spots of the forewing. It 

 has been already mentioned under Lycorea Jialia with "the similar forms. It especially resembles Heliconius 

 narcaea (= eucrate), with which it flies together. 



