APEOTOPOS; CALLITHOMIA. By B. Haensch. 127 



M. macrinus Hew. (= $ numerianus Fldr.) (34 b) has mostly 3 oblong yellow spots in the black apical macrinus. 

 third of the forewing as a remnant of the oblique band at the end of the cell. Between the median and its 

 first branch is generally placed another, triangular black spot, especially in the (J. The latter has moreover 

 in the disc of the hindwing above a black longitudinal band, which is indicated beneath and in the $ only 

 at the apex, or the black band is entirely absent beneath also. This species is deceptively similar to Helico7iius 

 metapliorus, with wliich it also occurs together. The examples from Colombia are distinguished by large black 

 spots in the basal part of the forewing and broad black longitudinal band on the hindwing; those from Panama 

 and Costa Eiea have narrower wings, spots and bands. The specimens from Ecuador on the other hand have 

 a bright yellow oblique band and small yellow spots in the forewing; the black spot at the median is mostly absent. 



M. nessaea Hhn. (34 b) differs from inacrinus in the yellow longitudinal band of the hindwing and the nessaea. 

 two yellow dots at the end of the cell and the distal margin of the forewing. The species is especially common 

 in Central Brazil. — sulphurescens Hsch., from Bahia in Brazil, forms the transition to the following sub- p",,^^ "'^^' 

 species. It differs from nessaea in the absence of the two yellow median dots; from lysimnia in the yellow 

 instead of white subapical spot. — lysimnia F. (34 b) is distinguished from nessaea by the white subapical lyjhnnia. 

 spot and the absence of the yellow median dots in the forewing. — In ab. albescens Hsch. there is a white tri- albescens. 

 angular spot at the distal margin of the forewing and on the under surface the subapical spot is surrounded 

 by a white macular band, which shows through above. ■ — The larva of lysimnia is blue-grey with white tubercles 

 and black stigmata. Pupa shiny gold-yellow, with a silver gloss on the ventral side, and with black dots and lines. 

 — lysimnia is one of the commonest species of Mechanitis and flies principality in Central and South Brazil. 



13. Genus: Aprotopos Kirhy. 



Aprotopos is distinguished from the very similar Tliyridia, as Mechanitis from Melinaea, by the aborted 

 forelegs, from Mechanitis by the shorter cell. The species of this genus may be recognised superficially by 

 1 — 2 red-brown dots at the base of the forewing. 



The few species have mostly a wide distribution, but are almost everywhere only taken singly. 



A. melantho Bates (34 c). This Central American species differs from all the others in the intense colouring melavtiio. 

 of the wings. The normally vitreous spots of the forewing are almost entirely covered with black. The hind- 

 wing is dark red-brown with black distal margin and spot at the end of the cell. — In a form from the 

 volcano Chiriqui, which I call randolis forjn. nov., the whole apex of the hindwing as far as the end of the cell randolis. 

 is black-brown except for a small red-brown streak. 



A. aedesia Dhl. & Hew. (34 c) has the same scheme of markings as melantho, but the vitreous spots aeclesia. 

 of the forewing are much larger and especially at the base yellow-brown. The disc of the hindwing is likewise 

 light yellow-brown, not so red-brown as in the figure. The black spot at the end of the cell is connected 

 with the costal margin. Especially in Colombia and Venezuela. 



A. ceto Fldr. (= colombiana Godm. & Salv.). This rare species has the markings as in psidii, on ceio. 

 the other hand a brownish ground-colour similar to aedesia. Colombia. 



A. psidii L. (34c). The similarity of this species to Thyridia confiisa has been already mentioned under psidii. 

 the latter. It occurs in Guiana and on the Lower and Upper Amazon, to the Andes of Peru and Ecuador. 

 Specimens from the first named districts have broader black margins and bands; those from Ecuador and Peru 

 have been designated ino by Felder. ino. 



A. hippodamia F. (= pytho Fldr.), from Central and Southern Brazil, is a very similar, but smaller species Mppodamia 

 with broader bands on the forewing and narrower ones on the hindwing. — pallida Godm. & Salv. is a form pallida. 

 with brownish vitreous spots, similar to ceto; in Central Brazil. 



14. Genus: Callithoiiiia Bates. 



In the species of this genus not the lower discocellular but the middle one is angled. The cell is long 

 and extends almost to the margin. They are mostly medium-sized species, which occur especially in the north- 

 west of South America and also in Central America. 



C. hezia Hew. (36 b) has very broad wings and strongly recalls Hirsutis pinthias in the marking. There hezia. 

 occur here as there also the corresponding varieties, in which a yellow macular band is present on the hind- 

 wing. hezia is the commonest form, from Central America, with black-brown, yellow-spotted forewing and 

 red-brown hindwing with dark apex. — hedila Godm. & Salv. is a form from Guatemala with larger, partly hedila. 



