316 Branner — Geology of the Hawaiian Islands. 



the old soil surfaces. These soils still retain many root impres- 

 sions, while at the base of the tuffs are abundant plant frag- 

 ments preserved as petrifactions. In many places by roadsides 

 and in quarries one may see vertical lioles left in the tuffs 

 where the plants have decayed out after being buried. Exam- 

 ples are visible in the new cut opposite Coral Island and in 

 the old cuts near the railway just west of Mr. Dimon's place 

 in Moanalua. In some instances the tree trunks have been 

 petrified and preserved. They often show branches of the 

 plants. The largest trunks seen were about four inches in 

 diameter. 



