113 
is obtained with but very little effort on their part. But few mollusks ps 
found on every ocean beach. From these facts we conclude that the Beit 
mals inhabiting os deep sea do not live in perpetual conflict with one 
mall roportion of warfare doubtless goes on, but on the whole 
the struggle for existence is not between the individuals per em the area; 
it is rather an industrial para ene feeding, breeding and dyin epre- 
dations are committed, however, by deep sea fishes an scbint bat their in 
mies a less — mdigertie - Singur would follow, and we find as a 
result that the deep sea mollu more variable in their ornamentation 
and other superficial pe igs than those from shallow In some 
species cod sete - characters is well maintained, while in others varia- 
tion en fu 
shells * Fdeop sea mollusks are agreed pale or perme tinted 
in eslor pattern This is probably due to the absence of sunlight, which 
to bands. 
@ nacre, so common in shallow water shells, ae ee of ‘additional brill: 
iancy in abyssal shells, though more thin and ¢ 
The sculpture of deep water shells is of a kind whit serves to strengthen 
the irtctiire: Spirals and longitudinal hollow riblets and transverse lattice 
work of elevated laminz are the principal styles of sculpture. ‘The shells 
are , but wonderfully strong, and or less permeable e 
sea shells are also ornam d with large knobs and long, thin, delicate 
hollow spurs which are probably the remains of the heavily armed spines 
and knobs of their shallow water congeners. e nucleus of the deep water 
orms is muc rger than that of the same group chests shallower 
aters. This would seem to indicate t a small n r of large larve 
was more li vive than a large number of smal 
study of the phenomena attached to deep sea life. Expexgments upon shal- 
low water forms, artificially sgugna » pressure, and alZo upon the deep 
sea forms which are obtained in a living state, Sischeare undoubtedly coable 
e dn pov te more deeply into the aunoeien of life in the extreme Be : 
oO 
