SOUTHERN AND CENTRAL APPALACHIANS 



107 



anthracite coal eastward through Pennsylvania has been emphasized re- 

 peatedly as a demonstration of greater intensity of deformation from west 

 to east. Although the coals have been metamorphosed within the belt 

 west of the Great Valley, the associated shales, sandstones, and carbonates 

 have not been much altered. Some doubts exist that the devolatilization 

 is entirely a result of folding, because of anomalies in the relations, 

 especially in West Virginia. Farther south the Knoxville, Tennessee, 

 "marble" in the highly thrust-faulted belt is a slightly recrystallized rock. 



StCllON I 





I L.LIN0I5 



OHIO 



W. VIRGINIA 





o 

 z 

 — o 

 r z 

 o o 

 2£ 



VIRGIL 



MISSOURI 



°E3 MOINES 



^""MSAS 



QokeritpO-"- 



_CjL>Lt°2 



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: ig. 8.10. Correlation and relative thickness diagram of Pennsylvania strata from West Virginia 

 o Illinois. After committee report, Chart No. 6 G.S.A., Vol. 55, 1944. The Cincinnati arch and 

 )ther structures are not shown, nor is the section restored to any one time. The dashed lines are 

 he various coal beds. 



Cby 

 CrCpv/ £01. -. COcr 



-"--S& 



r^t^; 



vr 



RED 



M7N. 



Dc,C(p,CwJ.g Ch 



0e'i? m 



1 CwrCsr Cpv 



Fig. 8.11. Cross section (No. 1 of index map, Fig. 7.1) of the Bessemer and Vandiver quad- 

 rangles, Alabama, after Butts, 1927. Cr, Rome fm.; COK, Ketona dol.; COcr, Copper Ridge dol.; 

 COc, Chepultepec dol.; Olv, Longview Is.; On, Odenville, Newala, Lenoir and Mosheim Iss.; 

 Oa, Athens sh.; Ol, Little Oak Is.; Dc Chattanooga sh. and Frog Mtn. ss.; Cfp, Fort Payne 

 chert; Cf, Floyd sh.; Cpw, Parkwood sh. and ss.; Cs, Cpv, Cpi, Cwr, Pottsville ss., sh., congl., 

 and coal beds. 



The change in constitution of the rock along the east side of the 

 Great Valley is taken as a good boundary between the Valley and Ridge 

 and Blue Ridge provinces by King (1950a). 



Intrusive igneous rocks are almost entirely absent in the Valley and 

 Ridge province, and hence no metamorphism incident to heat and 

 volatiles is known. 



BLUE RIDGE PROVINCE 



Divisions 



In the Blue Ridge and Piedmont provinces, we are confronted with a 

 geology mostly of metamorphic and igneous rocks, only in part studied 



