76 



CLASSIFICATION OF FISHES. 



(74.) The arrangement of Linnaeus, as given in the 

 twelfth edition of the Sy sterna Natures, differs but little 

 from that of Artedi. As an artificial system, it is on a 

 more simple plan than that of any other. We shall 

 give the reader, by the following table, a much better 

 idea of the system of the great Swede than by any other 

 means ; and we shall then offer a few observations on 

 the general nature of the groups. The whole are dis- 

 tributed into six orders, founded either on the position 

 of the ventral fins, or, what is much better, on the struc- 

 ture of the gills. The orders are named, I. Apodal; 

 II. Jugular; III. Thoracic; IV. Abdominal; V. Bran- 

 chiostegious ; and VI. Chondropterigious : the contents of 

 each being as follows : — 



1. Murajna. 



2. Gymnotus. 



3. Gymnothorax. 



4. Trichiurus. 



I. Apodal. Ventral fins none. 



5. Anarhichas. 



6. Ammodytes. 



7. Ophidium. 



8. Stomateus. 



9. Xiphias. 



10. Stemoptyx. 



11. Leptocephalus. 



II. Ji'gular. Gills bony, ventral fins placed before the pectoral. 



16. BJennius. 



12. Callionymus. 



13. Uranoscopus. 



14. Trachinus. 



15. Gadus. 



IIL Thoracic. Gills bony, ventral fins placed directly under the thorax. 



17. Cepola. 



18. Echineis. 



19. Corvpbasa. 



20. Gob'ius. 



21. Cottus. 



22. Scorpasna. 



23. Zeus. 



£4. Pleuronectes. 



25. Cha?todon. 



26. Sparus. 



27. Labrus. 



28. Scicena. 



29. Perca. 



SO. Gasterosteus. 



31. Scomber. 



32. Mullus. 



33. Trigla. 



IV. Abdominal. Gills bony, ventral fins placed on the belly behind the 



thorax. 



34. Cobites. 



35. Amia. 



36. Silurus. 



37. Teuthis. 



38. Loricaria. 



39. Salmo. 



40. Fistularia. 



41. Esox. 

 42 Elops. 



43. Argentina. 



44. Atherina. 



45. Mugil. 



46. Mormyrus. 



47. Exoccetus. 



48. Polynemus. 



49. Clupea. 



50. Cyprinus. 



V. Braxchiostegious. Gills without bones. 



51. Ostracion. 



52. Tetrodon. 



53. Diodon. 



54. Syngnathus. 



55. Pegasus. 



56. Centriscus. 



57. Balistes. 



58. Cyclopterus. 



59. Lophius. 



