OF CERTAIN HOT-SPRINGS IN THE PYRENEES. 457 



Ax, I believe the position of observation is identical, for no alterations appear to 

 have been made there since 1835 ; the place answers exactly to Principal Foebes' 

 description. In my remarks respecting each of the places visited, I have endea- 

 voured to mention these local peculiarities. 



In describing the points where I have made "my observations, I frequently use 

 the word griffon. I must explain the meaning of the expression. It is used rather 

 vaguely to express a near approach to the point where the spring emerges from 

 the ground ; but I have used it to signify the point where the water passes from 

 the fissures in the rock into the artificial apparatus constructed for its reception, 

 where it is, for the first time, securely cut off from all external influences. This 

 securing of the water is termed captage. At this point the water usually issues 

 by several thin streams from the ground, and it is possible that these may have 

 different temperatures. Care is therefore to be taken in immersing the thermo- 

 meter, to move it about in order to ascertain whether such differences exist. I 

 frequently found that when my companion's thermometer was placed at a little, 

 even two or three inches, distance from my own, different temperatures were 

 recorded. Usually, it is not until the water has become well mixed, at a little 

 distance from the place where it emerges from the rock, that it acquires a uniform 

 temperature. 



All my observations were made in the month of August 1863. 



EAUX CHAUDES. 



Here I had the kind and able assistance of Dr Prosper de Pietra-Santa, 

 physician to the Emperor, who resides during the bathing season at Eaux Bonnes. 

 He kindly accompanied me to Eaux Chaudes. The thermometer employed by M. 

 Pietra-Santa was made, I believe, by Fastre of Paris, and was, as I understood, 

 quite accurate. I measured it with my pocket tape, and found it to contain 

 twenty-five degrees of Centigrade to an inch, or forty-five degrees of Fahrenheit, 

 which on my own thermometer (D) occupy a space equal to two inches and 

 a half. 



The thermal establishment which existed in 1835 has since been pulled down, 

 and the waters are now administered in a handsome building, constructed in the 

 years 1848-50 by MM. FRANgois and Latapie. The new establishment is built 

 upon the right bank of the Gave, at a distance of only a few yards from the 

 site of the old one. This change of position, however, must necessarily affect the 

 temperature of the water at the place where it is employed by the invalid, the 

 distance between the burettes and the griffon of certain of the springs being as 

 much greater now than it was in 1835 as the distance between the old and the 

 new establishments. The effect of this change of position, I was informed, was 

 decidedly injurious to these springs, whose waters are now conducted a greater 

 distance in pipes. 



