OF FILAMENTOUS, FRUTICULOSE, AND FOLIACEOUS LICHENS. 123 
epidermis or cortical layer of the thallus, and having either a greenish or brownish 
colour. The internal tissue is dense, white, and hygrometric, as it is in the 
majority of lichens; and the cavity is full of viscid mucilage, in which are im- 
bedded the free spermatia thrown off from their sterigmata on reaching maturity. 
The latter corpuscles are straight and linear; sometimes very short, not exceeding 
nth to ath long, sometimes long and acicular, attaining a length of zath. The 
breadth in both cases is generally the same, being about sooth. The sterigmata 
are sometimes simple and linear, ramose at base, or coming off in a digitate manner 
from basal filaments or tubes. At other times, and more generally, they are com- 
posed of a few—occasionally of numerous—articulations, which are delicate, linear, 
longish cells. These articulations or component cells, however, differ greatly in 
size and shape. They may be short and oval-oblong, or spherical, or elongated, 
and with very irregular outline. Moreover, they are articulated to each other at 
very irregular angles, and the whole sterigmata have frequently, therefore, a very 
zigzag and irregular outline. In the older spermogones are to be found masses 
of projecting elongated hypertrophied sterile ramose filaments, having quite the 
characters of those which occur in Ramalina, in Parmelia physodes, P. tiliacea, 
and many other lichens. 
Specimen 2.—Van Dieman’s Land ; collected by Dr J. D. Hooxer, 1856. In 
the Hookerian Herbarium, Kew (sub nom. U. florida, Ach.). This is also var. 
hirta, a name, I think, which should, to avoid errors and misconceptions, be re- 
tained solely for spermogoniferous warted states of U. barbata. It is not of itself 
a good variety, for rough warted spermogoniferous states may occur equally in the 
varieties florida, ceratina, plicata, and hirta of authors, though they are most 
abundant in the latter variety. The spermogones are here abundant on the small 
ramuscles which diverge as cilia from the margins of the apothecia; and also on 
the small transverse ramuscles, which are given off by the erect (or pendent) main 
ramules in the neighbourhood of the apothecia. The warts are small and indis- 
tinct, and seldom, though occasionally, is the ostiole distinguishable. Thespermatia 
are delicate needles, about sath to noth long. The sterigmata are very delicate, 
and either subsimple or slightly ramose; composed of two or three longish, delicate, 
linear articulations, as in Parmelia sazatilis, P. physodes, &c. Accompanying the 
spermogonal warts, but generally on separate ramuscles, are sorediiferous warts, 
which are at once distinguishable on microscopical examination. 
Specimen 3.—Also var. hirta; dwarf form. Tasmania. Antarctic Expedi- 
tion, 1889-43. Collected by Dr Hooker (sub nom. U. florida, Ach.): in abundant 
fruit. The main ramules give off very numerous transverse ramuscles. The 
latter, about their tips, are frequently roughened by indistinct, small spermogonal 
tubercles. They are so small as to be apt to be overlooked. The spermatia and 
sterigmata are as described in No. 2. But the latter sometimes also consist of 
simple linear, but irregular cells, which come off from basal tubes, lodged in the 
