OF FILAMENTOUS, FRUTICULOSE, AND FOLIACEOUS LICHENS. 125 
about sath to ;th long, with a breadth of about s;;,th. NyianpEr describes 
them as thicker at one end. The sterigmata are very delicate, and composed of 
longish, linear, somewhat irregular cells, from the apices of which are given off the 
spermatia. The sterigmata resemble those of Parmelia tiliacea, and other Parmelic. 
NyYLANDER describes them as simple and linear! 
GENUS III. Canorea, Ny. 
The spermogones of this genus,—at least if C. vu/pina, the only species I have 
had an opportunity of examining, may be taken as a type,—are more allied to those 
of Evernia, than of Usnea and Neuropogon, with which NYLANDER associates it. 
The species named has altogether more of an everniiform than an usneiiform as- 
pect. The spermogones are black or brown points or papillee according as they 
are immersed or superficial, scattered on the angles of the lacinize about their 
extremities, and conspicuous from contrast with the beautiful lemon-yellow colour 
of the thallus. The spermatia are straight, rod-shaped, or acicular. NYLANDER 
describes them as slightly thicker or “ fusiform-incrassate” at one end. They 
vary in size from sth to goth, with a breadth of about.s,nth. The sterigmata 
are simple, linear, somewhat irregular cells, ramose at the base; or they are 
composed of a few delicate linear cells or articulations, as in Usnea and Neuro- 
pogon. Their length varies from goth to gath. 
SPECIES 1. C. vulpina, Nyl. 
(Synonyms.—Cornicularia, Scu. Enum. 6; Evernia, Kors, 41; Fries. L. E. 
24, exs. 142; Mass. Lich. Ital. exs. 1 Pp. Parmelia, Ach.) Occurs in 
North America as well as in Europe. 
Specimen 1—On the bark of the Wellingtonea gigantea, California; the speci- 
men exhibited in the Crystal Palace, Sydenham, February 1857; J. Harpy. In 
fruit. The spermogones are brown tubercles, which give the laciniz a very rugose, 
warted character ; they are sometimes very large and distinct. The sterigmata 
are elongated, linear cells, subdigitately ramose at base. The spermatia are about 
sath long. On the same thallus occurs, as it frequently does, the parasitic Phacop- 
sis vulpina, Tul. (Herp. exs. 474). The apothecia of this Parasite are generally 
confluent, and form very large and irregular black warts or tuberculated masses, 
placed usually near the base of the thallus, or on the larger lacinize only. Besides, 
its spermogones have not yet been discovered, and its apothecia can scarcely, there- 
fore, be confounded with the isolated brown or black spermogones of C. vulpina. 
Specimen 2.—Hepp. exs. 474 (sub Phacopsis vulpina, Tul., which is parasitic on 
its thallus). Bark of old larches, and on old palings, about St Moritz, Switzerland. 
Here the spermogones are minute, black tubercles, scattered along the angular edges 
of the lacinize, and indistinguishable from nascent apothecia, unless by microscopical 
VOL. XXII. PART I. 2K 
