130 DR LAUDER LINDSAY ON THE SPERMOGONES AND PYCNIDES 
Specimen 12.—St. Vincent, point of Mount Veredi, 2500 feet high; and Cape 
de Verde; Vogrt. Segments flat, and of a very dark brownish-red colour. The 
margins of the lacinize are fringed with spermogonal warts. Nos. 11 and 12 are 
in the Hookerian Herb., Kew. 
Specimen 13.—Rocks on the Island of Potoo, China, 1856, Fortuns. In fruit, 
spermogones abundant, pale. 
Specimen 14.—WELWITZSCH exS., 36, on granite rocks; 37, 8. b. Cabo da Rocca, 
Estremadura; 38. y. Cabo da Rocca,—all in Portugal. Both sterile and fertile 
segments are warted over with spermogones, having black ostioles. This and No. 
13 are in the Hookerian Herb., Kew. 
Specimen 15.—ScH#RER exs., 554; maritime rocks, shores of the Atlantic ; 
Petvet. The spermogones are abundant, flattish, very variable as to size, and 
marked by a pale ostiole, which is only visible on close examination. The sper- 
matia are gath long; the sterigmata sath to ath. 
Specimen 16.—ScH2ZRER exs., 603 (sub var. humilis); rocks on coast of Cor- 
sica; Requien; in fruit. This seems merely a maritime form of fastigiata var. 
of &. calicaris. The spermogones are abundant about the ends of the thalline seg- 
ments; they are elongated, irregular in form, and marked by a pale gray or 
greenish ostiole. 
In R. scopulorum, it will be observed that the spermogonal ostiole is more 
frequently black than in &. calicaris. It may sometimes be confounded with a 
small, black, punctiform Spheria, whose perithecia are occasionally scattered over 
the surface of the thallus. Thesubarticulate sterigmata, which occur occasionally, 
resemble those of Cladonia, except that they are distinctly composed of several 
cells, instead of being a single ramose one. This is perhaps the best species in 
which to study the spermogones of Ramalina. So abundant are these bodies on 
it, and so constantly do they occur, that I regard this species mainly as a spermo- 
goniferous maritime form of &. calicaris. 
SPEcIES 3. R. polymorpha, Ach., 
Which occurs in Africa, as well as in Europe. Ido not know on what principle 
this is separated as a species from &. scopulorum. I regard it simply as a dwarf, 
deformed, spermogoniferous state, and referrible to 2. calicaris. Its spermogones 
are precisely those of A. calicaris and BR. scopulorum. 
Specimen 1.—LerrcuHtTon exs., No. 73; on Whitestone Cliff, near Thirsk, York- 
shire. The thallus is dwarfed, deformed, and of a very dark colour; the seg- 
ments are thick, and are abundantly warted over with the spermogones of AR. 
scopulorum. The hypertrophied, ramose, sterile filaments are here abundant 
and distinct,—more so generally in this species and in &. scopulorum than in R. 
calicaris 

