OF FILAMENTOUS, FRUTICULOSE, AND FOLIACEOUS LICHENS. 131 
Specimen 2.—WeEtwirzscu exs., No. 39; Cabo da Rocca, Estremadura, Por- 
tugal; in Hookerian Herb., Kew. Fruit (that of fastigzata var. of R. calicaris), 
abundant. This I refer to the fasiigiata section of R. calicaris ; it is simply, as 
in No. 1, a dwarf deformed state, abundantly warted over with spermogones. 
Speciss 4. &. terebrata, Taylor. 
This I do not regard as a separate species, but would refer it, as a variety, to 
R. calicaris. 
Specimen 1.—Falkland Islands; Antarctic Expedition, 1839-43 ; Dr Hooker. 
Its spermogones externally, as well as their spermatia and sterigmata, are those 
of &. calicaris. Thespermogones are scattered about the ends of the narrow flat 
laciniz: they are sparingly distributed, and are small, flattened, distinct tubercles, 
having no visible ostiole. The spermatia are almost atomic as to size, about 
jswth long, and oblong. The elongated anastomosing filaments are so abundant as 
almost to hide the ordinary short spermatiferous ones. The spermogonal envelope 
is of a pale greenish-brown colour. 
Species 5. R. homalea, Ach., 
Which grows in Australia and California. 
Specimen 1.—California; in Hookerian Herb., Kew. The segments of the 
thallus are flattish, resembling those of Roccella fuciformis somewhat. The sper- 
mogones are scattered, chiefly on the edges of these lacinize, and towards their 
tips, as black, punctiform, immersed bodies. ‘They frequently become confluent, 
and, in old age, are sometimes very large, irregular, and maculiform. 
SpecrEs 6. &. ceruchis, Ach. 
(Syn. Desmazieria, Mont. ; Usnea, Mont. ; Borrera, Ach.). 
Specimen 1.—Chili, Cumine ; in Hookerian Herb., Kew. The segments of the 
thallus are dotted over with large, black, roundish bodies, seated either directly 
on the thallus, or placed on thalline warts or tubercles; they are frequently 
confluent, and are then very irregular in form. The body of the spermogone is 
wholly immersed. ‘The envelope is of a deep indigo-blue. The spermatia are 
about znth long, with a breadth of smth; the sterigmata about yath long. The 
cortical layer of the thallus is frequently eroded at irregular intervals, the 
white medullary tissue being thereby exposed. This gives rise to an appearance 
somewhat similar to that possessed by var. ariiculata of Usnea barbata, in which 
the central, white, medullary thread is exposed by decortication, at intervals, of 
the thalline filaments or ramules. When this erosion occurs, the spermogone re- 
mains intact, and it then appears as a prominent, large, black papilla, contrasting 
well with the white medullary tissue which surrounds it. This plant also bears 
