OF FILAMENTOUS, FRUTICULOSE, AND FOLIACEOUS LICHENS. 133 
mens I have examined. The sterigmata vary greatly in length, being sometimes 
not above ;.th to auth long, and at other times sath to sath. 
Specimen 3.—ScH#ERER exs., 85 (sub Cladonia); on the ground on calcareous 
alpine heights. Intermixed with the spermogones, as above described, are 
numerous black, superficial, easily removable, conical minute bedies, which appear 
to be the pyecnides of a fungus. They contain small, ellipsoid, or oval stylospores, 
on longish, linear, irregular delicate sterigmata. 
GENUS Ill. Dacryzina, Wyl. 
The spermogones resemble those of Dufourca in being black, punctiform, and 
immersed, scattered about the tips and along the sides of the erect podetia-like 
expansions of the thallus. The spermatia, however, are chiefly straight, linear, 
and smaller—about auth long; and the sterigmata, though generally simple, are 
sometimes composed of a few articulations. 
Species 1. D. arctica, Hook. 
(Syn. Dufourea of older authors.) 
Specimen 1.—FRANKLIN’S first voyage; in Herb. Hooker, Kew; sterile. The 
plant consists of very large podetia, coming off like fingers from a horizontal 
branch or stem. The spermogones are scattered about the apices of these erect, 
digitate offshoots of the horizontal thallus, as well as along their sides, generally 
in groups of a dozen, or more. They are wholly immersed, and their presence is 
indicated by very minute black points. They occur equally on sterile and fertile 
podetia. The spermatia arerod-shaped, about jnth long, with a breadth of sath. 
The sterigmata are frequently about eat long, and are either simple linear cells, 
variously bulging in their walls, or composed of two or three linear elongated 
cells or articulations. 
Specimen 2.—Rocky Mountains, America ; Cape Ross ; Melville Island, Captain 
Parry; Koby Sound, Bercury; in Herb. Hooker, Kew. Spermogones occur on 
all these specimens, especially on those with a smooth thallus, for in some the 
thallus is much wrinkled and lacunose, apparently from desiccation in an arid 
habitat. 
GENUS IV.—ALEcToRIA, Ach., pro parte, Vy. 
The most common and familiar species of this genus, A.jubata,is interesting, in- 
asmuch as, like Pelizgera, it possesses pycnides instead of,—perhaps in addition to,— 
spermogones. I have never met with the latter, whereas I have several times found 
the former occupying the position, and having the outward semblance, of the latter. 
These bodie sare spherical or fusiform warts or dilatations, generally seated at 
the junction of several thalline filaments or branches. They are large and con- 
spicuous when they occur at all, which is rare, and are apt to be mistaken for 
VOL. XXII. PART I. 2M 
