136 DR LAUDER LINDSAY ON THE SPERMOGONES AND PYCNIDES 
face, or on their angular edges. They resemble those of many of the Parmelie, 
but are generally smaller. Sometimes they are more superficial or prominent, 
constituting wartlets or tubercles. Occasionally they are seated on wart-like 
or papillar elevations of the thallus, or they are surrounded by an inconspicuous 
thalline ring, giving them a pseudo-papillate character. They are marginal in 
E. Richardsoni, to the lobes or laciniz of which they give a denticulate or ni- 
erociliate character, as in Platysma nivale. Occasionally also they occur on tooth- 
like prolongations from the margin of the lacinize, in which event they resemble 
the spermogones of Cetraria islandica. The spermatia are straight, linear, rod- 
shaped, and small, varying from auth to sth, averaging anth to xmth. The 
sterigmata are ramose, and consist of a few delicate linear cells or articulations ; 
they vary in length from 7th to uth. Associated with them occasionally are 
ramose, elongated, sterile filaments, like those of Ramalina. 
Species 1. L. furfuracea, Mann., 
Which is very widely distributed over the world, occurring in Europe, Africa, 
Asia, and America. 
(Syn. Borrera, Ach.; Physcia, Scher. En. 10; Parmelia, Scheer.) 
Specimen 1.—Ingleborough, Yorkshire. 1855; coll. by Dr Driauron. The 
spermogones are the minute black points or spots scattered over the smopeh, 
light-gray ends of the lacinize ; the spermatia are very small, only about —. xa long. 
Specimen 2.—SCHARER exS., 387 (sub Parmelia); on trunks of trees in alpine 
woods. ‘The spermogones are to be found, as in No. 1, only on the smooth tips 
of the laciniz ; on the furfuraceous ones none can generally be discovered. The 
extreme points of the lacinize are generally of a deep brown colour, and are apt 
to be mistaken for spermogones, like those of the genus Cladonia. The spermatia 
are about ;4,th long; the sterigmata are very irregular, articulated, about samta.to 
s,;th long. The elongated, anastomosing, sterile filaments resemble those of 
Parmelia physodes, or Ramalina. 
Specimen 3.—Near Vera Cruz, Mexico; Peak of Orizaba, 11,000 feet high, 1838 : 
coll. by J. Linpen, No. 98; in Herb. Hooker, Kew. The spermogones are black 
or deep brown points, closely resembling those of Parmelia physodes. The sper- 
matia are about z,th long, with a breadth of 7th, and are delicate needles. 
The sterigmata are about = th to th long, and consist of a few linear articula- 
tions, as in P. physodes. 
Specimen 4.—Peak of Orizaba, Mexico; on oaks and pines, at 9000 to 10,000 
feet; coll. H. Gatzorrz, 1840; in Herb. Hooker, Kew. The spermogones are 
brown points, sometimes on wart-like elevations of the thallus, or surrounded by 
a small thalline ring, which gives the appearance of a papilla. 


