OF FILAMENTOUS, FRUTICULOSE, AND FOLIACEOUS LICHENS. 141 
about ;+th to ;,,th long; the sterigmata short and unassociated with elongated, 
ramose, sterile filaments. In the larger form of spermogones, on the other hand, 
the spermatia are generally short, thickish, and rod-shaped, or straight; the 
sterigmata longer, and accompanied by delicate, anastomosing, elongated fila- 
ments, as occurs in Ramalina. It is interesting to note that there is a similar 
diversity in the characters of the apothecia in this species, and, indeed, in most 
or all the species of /toccella. In none, perhaps, is this diversity so easily studied 
as in Ze. tinctoria. A similar difference in the form of the spermatia occurs in 
Opegrapha vulgata, in which they are found of all intermediate degrees of size 
and shape between short, straight, rod-shaped, and longish, graceful, crescent- 
like spermatia. On some of the twigs on which &. Montagne grows, occur minute, 
black, punctiform spermogones, containing rod-shaped spermatia about th 
long, borne on short, linear, delicate sterigmata, which appear referrible to some 
of the Graphidec. 
Species 4. R. phycopsis, Ach., 
Which occurs equally in Europe and Africa. As I refer &. Montagnei to the 
fuciformis or flat-lobed type, 1 am inclined to refer this species to the dinctoria 
or round-lobed form. 
Specimen 1.—Among the mixed Orchella weeds sent by Messrs Ropinson of 
Huddersfield, and probably collected on the west coast of Africa. The lacinize 
are aneulose or terete-compressed, and are dotted over with spermogones having 
all the aspect of those of 2. tinctoria. In some spermogones the spermatia are 
straight, rod-shaped, and about ,,th long; while in others on the same speci- 
men they are slightly curved. In both cases they are of great tenuity, and are 
borne on closely aggregated, delicate, linear, simple sterigmata. 
SPECIES 5. AR. intricata, Mont. 
Specimen 1.—Coquimbo; in Herb. Hooker, Kew. Spermogones are abun- 
dant, as largish, distinct, superficial, black points, frequently surrounded by a ring 
or collar of the thallus. In the latter case they may resemble nascent apothecia. 
the spermatia are straight or slightly curved, about ,7th long, with a breadth of 
_1_th; the sterigmata are short, simple, ramose at base, and about ;+ th long. 

25,000 1500 
Species 6. R&R. mollusca, Ach. 
(Sub Dufourea. Syn. Dufourea pruinosa, Nees.) 
This species, which is a native of the Cape of Good Hope, differs from other 
species of the genus, both in its general aspect somewhat, and in its possessing 
terminal instead of lateral apothecia. Its spermogones are, however, quite those 
of the other species I have just described. 
Specimen 1.—In Herb. Hooker, Kew. The spermogones are minute, round, 
VOL. XXII. PART I. 20 
