OF FILAMENTOUS, FRUTICULOSE, AND FOLIACEOUS LICHENS. 149 
long and lax. In S. coralloides, the ramuscle, at its tip, generally suddenly bulges 
out or becomes thickened below the insertion of the barre],—or cone-like, sper- 
mogone. 
SPECIES 2. S. fragile, Pers., 
Which has nearly as wide a geographical range as the preceding species, of which 
indeed [ regard it but asa variety. The plant is cxespitose and dwarf; its ramuscles 
single, or branching little, and closely ageregated. 
Specimen 1.—Movceot and NESTLER’s exs., No. 263; in Herb. Royal Botanic 
Garden, Edinburgh. The spermogonal papille are isolated and terminal, precisely 
as in S. coralloides. 
Specimen 2.—Craig-y-Barns, Dunkeld, 1856, W. L. L.; sterile. The spermo- 
gones are young, and constitute the brown tips of the simple closely aggregated 
ramules. 
Species 3. S. tenerum, Laur. 
If it is not to be considered but a variety of S. coralloides, it is very closely 
allied, both in the general aspect of its thallus, and in the site and structure of its 
spermogones. The latter are terminal and isolated, each being seated on the tip 
of one of the extremely narrow, linear, delicate ramuscles. 
Specumen 1.—Wermite Island, Cape Horn, Antarctic Expedition, 1839-43, 
Dr Hooxrr. The spermogones are minute, black, round tubercles, with an in- 
appreciable ostiole ; they are smaller and darker than, but otherwise of the same 
character as, those of S. coralloides. The spermatia are rod-shaped or sub-ellipsoid, 
about sath to jooth long, and are given off from the apices, as well as sides, of 
the delicate indistinct sterigmata, which are composed of a few delicate linear 
cells or articulations, and are sub-ramose at base. Some specimens have branches 
somewhat short and thick; in them the spermogones occur in the form of clus- 
tered warts, resembling those of Stereocaulon. 
Specimen 2.—Lord Auckland Islands, Antarctic Expedition, 1839-43, Dr 
Hooker. Abounds both in apothecia and spermogones. The ramules bearing 
the former are strong and fastigiate, scarcely ramose; those bearing the latter 
are filiform, extremely delicate, and very ramose. The spermogones are black 
papillze or warts precisely as described in No.1. The spores are quite those of 
S. coralloides, an additional argument for merging in this species S. tenerum. 
Species 4. S. compressum, Ach., 
Whose geographical range is, at least, as extensive as that of S. coradloides, occur- 
ring in Europe, America, the African Islands, and Australia. 
Specimen 1.—Tasmania, Antarctic Expedition, 1839-43, Dr Hooxrr. The 
thallus is of a pale-yellow on one surface, the upper, which is convex; whitish 
on the under surface, which is somewhat concave; the edges of the segments 
VOL. XXII.’ PART I. 2Q 
