~ 
OF FILAMENTOUS, FRUTICULOSE, AND FOLIACEOUS LICHENS. 153 
Specimen 1.—Ben Nevis, August 1856, W. L. L. This is a tall slender form 
of the thallus, laxly ramose, and sparingly covered with granules. The spermo- 
gonal warts occur both on sterile ramules and on those bearing apothecia. The 
spermatia are about goth, some of them being curved. 
SPECIES 3. 8S. denudatum, Flk., 
Which grows in Europe, America, and Asia; but which, like S. alpinum, I consider 
a mere variety or state of S. paschale. The stem is very naked inferiorly, being 
destitute of the granules or scales which usually clothe it. 
Specimen 1.—County Antrim; D. Moore of Glasnevin, in Herb. Isaac Caro. 
of Cork. The spermogones are abundant on large warted sub-spherical or irregular 
dilatations of the ends of the ramules, none of which bear apothecia. These sper- 
mogonal warts occupy the site, and appear morphologically to take the place, of 
apothecia. The ostioles are brown, immersed, and punctiform. The spermatia 
are either straight and rod-shaped, or curved ; many of them are the latter. Their 
length is about smth, their breadth sth; their sterigmata short and simple, as 
in S. paschale. 
Species 4. S.ramulosum, Sw., 
Which grows in America, equatorial Africa, Polynesia, and Australia; a large and 
handsome species. 
Specimen 1.—Tasmania, Antarctic Expedition, 1839-43, Dr Hooker. Both 
apothecia and spermogones abound. The latter are large, round, flattened warts, 
scattered about the ends of the sterile ramuscles, or seated immediately below the 
apothecia, round which they form a sort of neck or collar, as in S. argus. They 
have a bluish-black colour on the surface, and are marked by stellate-fissured 
black ostioles. In this state they have greatly the appearance of the young apo- 
thecia of Spherophoron coralloides, in process of fissuring of their capsule or 
exciple. Internally, the spermogones consist of a congeries of sinuous cavities. 
The spermatia are very delicate and curved, about s,th long, borne on the apices 
of simple vesicular sterigmata. The short lateral branches proceeding from the 
main stems frequently terminate in capitular or bullose dilatations; these are full 
of medullary tissue—white and lax—and they cannot therefore, on microscopic 
examination at least, be mistaken for, or confounded with, spermogonal warts. 
Specises 5. S. argus, Taylor. 
Specimen 1.—Campbell’s Island, Antarctic Expedition, 1839-43, Dr Hooker. 
The apices of the sterile ramules are irregularly tuberculated; this tuberculated 
dilatation consisting of a series of small flattened warts of the same colour as the 
thallus, each separate wart being pierced centrally by a black minute ostiole, 
which is round, triangular, or stellate. This ostiole is usually surrounded with a 
halo, which is bluish-black, from the colour of the internal tissue in old spermo- 
VOL. XXII. PART I. 2k 
