160 DR LAUDER LINDSAY ON THE SPERMOGONES AND PYCNIDES 
grouped on the margins of very irregular dilacerate scyphi, or seated on longish 
prolongations from the margins of the same scyphi. In all these cases, however, 
they are barrel-shaped, and as in the species already described. 
Specimen 1.—Blaeberry Hill, Perth, April 1856, W. L. L. The spermogones 
are terminal, as in Korper’s var. 8. asperella. Ben Nevis, August 1856, W. L. L. 
Here also they are terminal on podetia resembling those of C. gracilis. 
Specimen 2.—Hills east of Glen Callater, Braemar, August 1856, W. L. L. 
Apothecia and spermogones occur on the same podetia, but on different branches 
thereof; the spermogones being placed on the higher ones. The ostioles are very 
large and patent ; the envelope is of a dense brown cellular tissue. The spermatia 
are curved, about guth long, nearly straight while attached to their sterigmata. 
Specimen 3.—Australian Alps, Muuurr, 1855; in Herb. Hooker, Kew. The 
plant seems rather referrible to C. gracilis; it is simple, and scarcely squamose. 
The spermogones are as above. 
Specimen 4.—ScHARER exs. 74 (sub C. ventricosa, a. microphylla, C. cymosa) ; 
on the ground and on decayed tree-trunks, in woods, Switzerland. Small but. 
very distinct barrel-shaped spermogones are studded over the ends of very irregular 
ramose ramules. 
Specimen 5.—ScHZRER exs. 73 (sub C. ventricosa, a. microphylla, B. proli- 
fera); on the ground and decayed trunks of trees, in woods, Switzerland. The 
spermogones are terminal, as in C. furcata. 
Specimen 6.—Var. anomea (syn. Scyphophorus anomeus, Hook., E. B. 2d ed., 
p. 91, Tab. 2283; Ist ed. Lechen anomeus, T. 1867 ; Hook. Br. Flora, 238, vol. ii.) ; 
Kelly’s Glen, D. Moore; in Herb. Carroll. No apothecia. Spermogones terminal, 
young, contain no free spermatia. 
Specimen 7.—Vayr. ccespititia, Ach.; occurs in Europe and America. ScHARER 
exs. 280 (sub C. ventricosa, y. fungiformis); in woods, Switzerland. The sper- 
mogones are seated directly on the folioles or scales of the horizontal thallus; 
they are barrel-shaped; blackish or deep brown; large and distinct, and have 
certainly a fungoid aspect. The spermatia and sterigmata have the usual cha- 
racter ; many of the latter in old spermogones are elongated and hypertrophied. 
SPECIES 8. C. alcicornis, Flk., 
Which grows in Europe, Africa, and America. This species is of great interest, 
as being one of the lichens in which Irzicsoun first discovered the existence of 
spermatia.* He, however, described these corpuscles as Spermatozoids, endowed 
with animal motion. This motion is now proved beyond a doubt to be merely the 
Brownian movement of minute particles of matter, organic or inorganic alike, in 
a fluid. ‘The barrel-shaped spermogones are here generally seated directly on the 
* Botanische Zeitung, p. 913. 1850. 

