OF FILAMENTOUS, FRUTICULOSE, AND FOLIACEOUS LICHENS. 161 
folioles of the horizontal thallus. The diameter of the spermogone is about jth. 
The spermatia are generally curved when free, but frequently straight while at- 
tached. I can draw no good distinction between C’. endivicfolia, the cervicornis 
variety of C. gracilis, and this species. They appear to me to differ essentially 
only as to the size of the folioles of the horizontal thallus, while podetia are rare 
in all. Certainly the spermogones are the samein all three. I should feel inclined 
to bring them all under C. pyxidata. Podetia, bearing both apothecia and sper- 
mogones, in a specimen in LEtcuron’s exs. 15, are quite those of C. pyxidata. 
Specimen 1.—LeE1cuton exs. 15; Haughmond Hill, Shropshire ; Engl. Bot. 1392. 
The spermogones are on the margins of the podetial scyphi; they are largish, 
deep brown, barrel-shaped, and quite those of C. pyaidata. On the lower or paler 
surface of the folioles of the horizontal thallus are scattered sparingly, in the 
right-hand specimen in my copy, distinct black cones or papillee, semi-immersed. 
These are pycnides, but unassociated with either apothecia or spermogones of 
any kind. Ihave great hesitation in regarding them as belonging to this Cladonia, 
inasmuch as I have not elsewhere found them in this genus. I am therefore 
rather inclined to look upon them as accidental parasites. They contain stylo- 
spores, oval or oblong-oval, generally more or less curved, but very irregular in 
form. 
Specimen 2.—(Sub nom. C. damecornis, Ach.); Suffolk; in Herb. British 
Museum, London. It has abundance of large barrel-shaped spermogones, scat- 
tered on the folioles of the horizontal thallus. 
Specimen 3.—In Herb. Menziesian, Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh ; habitat 
not given. It possesses only spermogoniferous podetia ; which is generally, if not 
always, the case in Scotch specimens also. 
Specimen 4.—Aldborough, Sir T. Gace; in Herb. British Museum. Spermo- 
gones as in No. 2. 
Specimen 5.—ScHARER exs. 455 (sub C. foliacea, a. alcicornis); near Vire; 
Petver. The spermogones here also are seated directly on the folioles. The 
spermatia are about ;,th long, the sterigmata, with spermatia attached, ;;,th. 
SpEcIES 9. C. endiviefolia, Fr. 
Specimen 1.—LavinGF, 1814; Observation Inlet, ScouLER; in Herb. Hooker, 
Kew. The spermogones are sometimes distributed on the surface, sometimes on 
the margins of the thalline folioles; occasionally on the edges of the cup-shaped 
terminations of very irregular and deformed podetia, which rise directly from the 
surface of the larger folioles. They are precisely those of the preceding species, 
from which the present appears to me to differ in no essential respect. 
Species 10. C. Papillaria, Hoffm., 
Which occurs in Europe and North America. This is altogether an anomalous 
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