OF FILAMENTOUS, FRUTICULOSE, AND FOLIACEOUS LICHENS. 163 
are spermogoniferous, their margins being fringed with dark brownish-red 
spermogones, like small barrels or cones flattened on the top, or somewhat 
irregular. Red mucilage abounds in their cavity. 
Specimen 3.—Kelly’s Green, Ireland, D. Moore; in Herb. Carroll, Aug. 1853. 
The folioles of the horizontal thallus are studded over with the apothecia and 
spermogones of Lecidea cladoniaria, Nyl., which occur also on the scales of the 
podetia from the base to their apex. The apothecia are black, discoid, semi-im- 
mersed, resembling those of LZ. oxyspora, as it occurs on Parmelia saxatilis, 
P. conspersa, and Platysma glaucum. The spermogones are minute, brown or 
black, punctiform, scattered among the apothecia. The spermatia are largish and 
ellipsoid, resembling those of Lecidea abietina, and are borne on very short, 
simple, linear sterigmata. Irefer to L. cladoniaria here only with a view to 
show that there is no danger of confounding either its apothecia or spermogones 
with the spermogones of Cladonia bellidijfiora. 
Species 12. C. cornucopioides, Fr., 
A cosmopolite species. I must confess my inability to perceive any good 
distinctive marks between this and the preceding or following species. Indeed, 
I regard C. bellidiflora as a type or species, including C. cornucoptoides, C. 
macilenta, C. digitata, and C. deformis, just as I hold C. pyaidata to embrace 
C. fimbriata, C. degenerans, pro parte, and C. cornuta. C. cornucopioides is the 
familiar C. coccifera of older authors. 
Specimen 1.—Falkland Islands; Antarctic Expedition, 1839-43, Dr Hooker. 
Spermogones occur on the margins of the scyphi, as small, but distinct, round, 
flattened, brown tubercles, pierced with distinct ostioles. They are all old, and 
contain no free spermatia. 
Specimen 2.—Var. pleurota, Flk. A cosmopolite variety; appears to me to be 
merely a spermogoniferous form, bearing the same relation to C. cornucopioides 
that jiimbriata does to C. pyaidata. The spermogones are red; the apothecia few. 
Scotland; collected by ALEXANDER Menzies himself; in Menziesian Herb., Royal 
Botanic Garden, Edinburgh. 
SPECIES 13. C. macilenta, Hoffm., 
Likewise a cosmopolite. This is the familiar jiliformis of the older authors. 
Korper’s var. clavata, p. 31, is probably a spermogoniferous state :—“thallo 
clavato-ventricoso subulato substerile.”’ 
Specomen 1—Ben Nevis, Aug. 1856, W. L. L. From the ramules bearing 
apothecia there sometimes branch off, a little below the apothecia, spermo- 
goniferous ramuscles, bearing at their ends, in groups of three or four, brown 
barrel-shaped spermogones. 
Specimen 2.—Scu#RER exs. 33 (sub C. jiliformis, A. cornuta); on peaty 
