164 DR LAUDER LINDSAY ON THE SPERMOGONES AND PYCNIDES 
earth. The margins of the cup-like, dilated ends of the podetia are fringed with 
large barrel or cone-shaped, deep-brown spermogones, generally in groups of 
four or five. The cavity is apparently compound and sinuous—a phenomenon that 
is unusual in the Cladonias. 
Specimen 3.—ScHAERER exs. 36 (sub C jiliformis, D. ramulosa). The spermo- 
gones are as in No. 2, but smaller. 
Specimen 4.—Var. polydactyla, F\k., which occurs in Europe and America. 
Scu#reEr exs. 454 (sub C. incana, y. polydactyla); near Vire, PELVET. The sper- 
mogones are brownish-red barrels, grouped in three or four, on the margins of the 
narrow closed cups in which the podetia terminate. The spermatia are about zath 
long; and the sterigmata jo:th. 
Species 14. C. digitata, Hoffm., 
Which occurs in Europe, Asia, and America, and which, I think, stands in the same 
relation to C. bellidifiora or C. cornucopioides that C. jimbriata does to C. pyxidata. 
Specimen 1.—Ben Nevis, Aug. 1856, W. L. L. The plant is more or less 
deformed ; it is scyphiferous, but the scyphi have seldom an equal or even edge. 
More generally they are ragged and lacerated; sometimes give off a series of 
irregular digitate prolongations from their margins. The spermogones are 
beautiful scarlet flattened cones, seated on the margins of the scyphi, or of the 
prolongations therefrom just described. Their envelope consists of a dense red- 
dish cellular tissue. C. digitata graduates sometimes into the following species. 
Species 15. C. deformis, Hoffm., 
Almost a cosmopolite, occurring in Europe, Asia, America, and Australia. As a 
general rule, it is not found bearing apothecia, but occasionally spermogones are 
met with. 
Specimen 1—Howth, August 1853, Moore; in Herb. Carroll; no apothecia. 
This seems: to me merely the cornuta form of C. bellidiflora, such as occurs abun- 
dantly on Kinnoull Hill, Perth, and Craig Vinean, Dunkeld. The spermogones 
are small scarlet cones, fringing the occasional obscure terminal scyphi. 
Speciinen 2.—ScHARER exs. 49 (sub a. vulgaris, ¢. gonecha, Ach.); in alpine 
regions, Switzerland. The left-hand podetium in my copy (ed. alt. immut., 1842) 
is dotted over, especially inferiorly, with small, black, round cones, which are 
pycnides. The stylospores are largish, distinct, very numerous, and very variable 
as to form; the sterigmata are short and simple. Their position would lead me 
to look upon them as parasitic rather than as belonging to the plant on which 
they occur,—hecause, 1. I have found them only in another instance—C. Papillaria ; 
2. Their situation is not that of the spermogones of C. deformis ; and 3. Their 
colour and general character differ in toto from those of the said spermogones. 

