166 DR LAUDER LINDSAY ON THE SPERMOGONES AND PYCNIDES 
Specimen 2.—Scu @RER exs. 83 (sub C. stellata y. obtusata), and 84 (6. turgida), 
both on the ground in alpine regions, Switzerland. Have old spermogones, contain- 
ing no free spermatia, which are also quite those of C. wnevalis. 
Specimen 3.—Kamkola, Sikkim, Himalaya, alpine region, about 15,000 feet 
high, Dr Hooker ; in Herb. Hooker, Kew. Appears also simply a turgid form of 
C. uncialis. It possesses spermogones, but no apothecia. 
Species 18. C. amaurocraa, Fik., 
Which occurs in Europe, Asia, America, and Australia; it is closely allied also to 
C. uncialis, from which it differs chiefly in its more compound or ramose thallus. 
Specimen 1.—Var. capitellata, Bab. in “ Flora of New Zealand,” (Hooker fils.), 
(syn. C. capitellata, Bab.) ; New Zealand, CoLenso; in Herb. Hooker, Kew. The 
apothecia and spermogones are quite those of wncialis. The latter are generally 
terminal and erect, but they also occur occasionally scattered on the sides of the 
ultimate ramuscles of the thallus, from which they project peg-like at right angles. 
The spermatia are always curved when free; their length is about sath, with a 
breadth of sa;th. When attached, however, they are frequently straight and 
very long—at least double the length of the free spermatia, a circumstance I have 
already more than once pointed out as occurring in lichens. The sterigmata are 
long and filiform—ramose below; their length is about yath to guth. 
Species 19. C. furcata, Scher., 
A cosmopolite species, having two main varieties—racemosa, Scher., and pungens, 
Ach., both of which occur alike in Europe, Asia, and America. The spermogones 
of this species are generally among the largest and most distinct of those of Cla- 
donia. The ostiole also is usually large and easily perceptible. The spermatia 
are generally curved, and about amth, sometimes only south, long. 
Specimen 1.—Craigie Hill, Perth, April 1856, W. L. L.; with apothecia. The 
thallus is of a dark-brown, and the brown terminal spermogones are not, there- 
fore, so easily recognised as in species with a straw-coloured thallus. They are 
here short, broad, and bulging. 
Specimen 2.—Suffolk, Ben Cruachan, 1810, Borrer; in Herb. Hooker, Kou 
are spermogoniferous only, as is the case in a specimen from Wales in Herb. 
British Museum, London. 
Specimen 3.—Ingleby Park, Cleveland, Yorkshire, 1856; coll. W.Mupp. The 
podetia are slender, ramose, and closely aggregated; the spermogones small, and 
sometimes on apices, slightly nodding, as in C. rangiferina. 
Specimen 4.—(Sub Cenomyce bacillaris, Ach.) \ Falkland Islands, Antarctic 
Expedition, 1839-43, Dr Hooker; in Herb. meo. Thespermogones are abundant 
as the short, bulging, barrel-shaped apices of the bifurcate extremities of the 
ultimate ramuscles. Specimens (sub nom. C. gracilis) from the Falkland Islands 

