OF FILAMENTOUS, FRUTICULOSE, AND FOLIACEOUS LICHENS. 169 
The spermatia are about sth to moth long; their breadth about s:a,th. The sper- 
- matiferous, or ordinary sterigmata, are sometimes associated with sterile, hyper- 
trophied, ramose filaments, as in Ramalina; but the latter are seldom or never 
so long or so ramose as in that genus. 
Specimen 1.—Blaeberry Hill, Perth, April 1856, W. L. L. Abounding in apo- 
thecia, as well as spermogones. The ramuscles, or their divisions, which bear the 
spermogones, are as erect as those which bear apothecia. The nodding apices 
bear only sterile or abortive spermogones; the latter are of the same thickness 
as their pedicels, whereas the fertile spermogones always bulge out distinctly, 
and generally show a perceptible terminal ostiole. Theramuscles bearing spermo- 
gones and those bearing apothecia are intermixed; when the former ramuscles are 
longer than the latter, the spermogones are frequently found drooping over the 
apothecia. 
Specimen 2.—Hills east of Glen Callater, Braemar, August 1856, W. L. L. 
Both apothecia and spermogones occur. The plant is large and coarse; the podetia 
vary in tint from straw-yellow to leaden-gray; they are also very granular and 
rough; sometimes covered with mealy warts. The spermogoniferous ramuscles 
are erect. The spermatia are either straight or curved, about sath to snth long; 
the sterigmata are sometimes sub-articulate and very ramose; long, linear, 
extremely delicate cells being given off in place of branches. 
Specimen 3.—Ben Lawers, August 1855, Dr Gitcurist. No apothecia. Here 
the nodding apices are all spermogoniferous; the spermogones being linear and 
elongated rather than barrel-shaped. The thallus is dark-gray. 
Specimen 4.—Long Island, North America, May 1856, Dr A. O. Broprz. The 
spermogones are abundant, short, and inconspicuous. The spermatia are very 
small but curved, about ath long; the sterigmata are also very short, about. sa:th 
long, becoming, with age, sterile and brown. The podetiaare sometimes covered 
from base to apex with irregular bullose warts; the latter are perforated here and 
there as if with ostioles, and they then closely resemble the spermogones of some 
crustaceous lichens; but their internal structure is only that of thethallus. The 
apothecia on the same deformed podetia are frequently single, and are sometimes 
studded over with spermogones, which project at right angles like pegs, or radii 
from the spoke of a wheel. 
Specimen 5.—Tasmania, Antarctic Expedition, 1839-43, Dr Hooker. Both 
apothecia and spermogones occur, the latter only sparingly, however. The sper- 
mogoniferous ramuscles are stellate-patent or erect; they are sometimes short, 
thick and rigid, and fastigiately ramose, and then the spermogones constitute 
little horns or teeth, crowning their apices. This form of thallus agrees with the 
vars. e. alpesiris and @. incrassata of ScH#RER, Enum. p. 203. In the more 
common form of the plant, the ultimate ramuscles and spermogones are much 
more narrow and delicate than those in British specimens. The spermatia are 
VOL. XXII. PART I. 2x 
