
OF FILAMENTOUS, FRUTICULOSE, AND FOLIACEOUS LICHENS. 171 
In the character of its thallus, it closely resembles the preceding species. 
Taytor has associated this species with Dufourea, but very erroneously, I think ; 
for the spermogones and spermatia, as well as the apothecia and spores, are those 
of Cladonia. Its spermogones and their contents are as described under C. 
rangiferina and C. retipora. 
Specimen 1.—Falkland Islands, Antarctic Expedition, 1839-43, Dr Hooker. 
Both apothecia and spermogones are abundant. The podetia or divisions of the 
thallus bearing these different forms of reproductive organs differ remarkably in 
size and form. Those bearing apothecia are broad, short, thick, fastigiate supe- 
| riorly ; the apothecia are much more crowded than in C. rangiferina, whose apo- 
thecia they otherwise resemble. ‘The podetia or ramules bearing spermogones, 
/ on the other hand, are narrow and delicate, ramose, much attenuated and elon- 
| gated towards the apices, which generally bifurcate or divide into two or three 
patent erect ramuscles or horns, each of which bears a single oblong or barrel- 
| shaped spermogone, generally longer than, but otherwise resembling, the same 
| organ in C. rangiferina. It is the podetia bearing apothecia chiefly that are reti- 
porous and spongiform, as in C. retipora. 
Specimen 2.—Tasmania, Antarctic Expedition, 1839-43, Dr Hooker. In 
some specimens, I have seen delicate narrow podetia dividing at the apex into 
two terminal ramules, one thick and bearing apothecia, the other attenuated and 
bearing only spermogones. Other specimens were spermogoniferous only; the 
podetia were as strong, dark-coloured, and thick, as those usually bearing apo- 
thecia, sometimes even fastigiate superiorly. The spermogones are shorter than 
in Falkland Island specimens, and grouped in tufts. 
Specuemen 3.—New Zealand, Antarctic Expedition, 1839-43, Dr Hooker. 
Both apothecia and spermogones are abundant; sometimes they occur on different 
divisions of the same ramules, sometimes on different ramules. The ostioles of 
the spermogones are generally visible. ‘The podetia are usually smooth, seldom 
retiporous. The spermatia are curved and very delicate, of the same size and form 
asin C. rangiferina. The sterigmata are also those of the species just named; 
and besides the ordinary spermatiferous ones, sterile ramose filaments also occur, 
which, however, are seldom much longer than the fertile sterigmata. The chest- 
nut or brown colour of the thallus at once distinguishes C. aggregata from C. 
retipora or C. rangiferina ; but it may sometimes be confounded with states of 
C. furcata. 
FAMILY IX. PE.tTicERE#. 
GENUS I. NepHromium, Wy. 
The spermogones of this genus resemble the Pycnides of Peltigera, in their site 
|, and external characters. They are marginal, brown, obtuse tubercles or cones ; 
| sometimes seated directly, like so many teeth, on the margin of the lobes of the 
