172 DR LAUDER LINDSAY ON THE SPERMOGONES AND PYCNIDES 
thallus; sometimes seated at the ends of tooth or fringe-like prolongations from 
the margin of the thallus. In the latter case, they are generally more barrel- 
shaped than cone-like, and they resemble, though they greatly exceed in size, the 
spermogones of Cetraria islandica. The ostiole is frequently very distinct, espe- 
cially if the spermogone is moistened ; the cavity is simple. There is this differ- 
ence, however, between the spermogones of Nephromium and the Pycnides of 
Peltigera, that the former have true spermatia and arthrosterigmata, while the 
latter have stylospores on simple sterigmata. The spermatia are straight and rod- 
shaped, about goth long, with a breadth of ynth to sith. They are sometimes 
also slightly curved, in which case they resemble those of Cladonia. 
SPECIES 1. JV. tomentosum, Hoffm., 
Which occurs in Europe and Northern America. I have not been successful in find- 
ing spermogones in British or European specimens; and in foreign specimens I 
have found them in very few instances. They are comparatively rare. They 
are generally small brown knobs, cones, or tubercles, smooth on the surface, 
rounded and obtuse, pierced by a central pore. 
Specimen 1.—ScH#RER exs. 259 (sub Peltigera resupinata, a. tomentosa) ; 
in alpine woods, on trees and stones. ‘the spermogones are distinct nodules or 
tubercles, seated either directly on the margins of the thallus, or on irregular and 
lacerate-edged prolongations from the margins of the lobes. ‘They are of a paler 
reddish-brown than the rest of the thallus. The spermatia are rod-shaped or 
sub-ellipsoid, sath long and sath broad, seated on arthrosterigmata, which are 
among the thickest I have seen, consisting of short, broad, thick-walled cells or 
articulations. 
Specimen 2.—Lachen, Sikkim, Himalaya, temperate region at an elevation 
of 10,000 feet, Dr Hooker; with apothecia. The thallus, at its edges, is divided 
into, or marked by, a number of long tooth-like segments or prolongations, each 
of which bears at its extremity a large, barrel-shaped, very distinct or prominent 
spermogone. The latter organs resemble those of Cetraria islandica, or the Cla- 
donias, but are greatly larger. They are deep-brown externally, the ostiole very 
distinct, or becoming so under moisture. The cavity is simple; the spermatia 
are abundant, straight, and rod-shaped, about smth long and smth broad, seated 
on the apices and sides of longish articulated sterigmata, which resemble those of 
Sticta and Collema. This specimen is sub nom. Nephroma resupinatum, in 
Herb. Hooker, Kew, and appears to be var. helveticum, Ach., which occurs in 
Europe, America, Asia, Mexico, and the Isle of Bourbon. 
GENUS II. NeEpuHrRoMA, Ach., pro parte, Vyl. 
It resembles, in the character of its spermogones, the foregoing genus, from which 
NYLANDER separates it, apparently in consequence solely of the different character 

