} 
176 DR LAUDER LINDSAY ON THE SPERMOGONES AND PYCNIDES 
sometimes short and broad, at other times long and narrow. Where the mar- 
ginal cilia are very short or wanting—in C. [slandica—the spermogones appear 
seated directly on the margins of the lacinize, like so many teeth, resembling the 
spermogones of the Platysma group. The thallus of C. aculeata terminates in 
delicate ramuscles or spinules, the tips or horns of which are formed by its sper- 
mogones. These organs are generally very delicate and minute, with difficulty 
recognised even under the lens, or until subjected to pressure in water between 
glass slides under the microscope, when the emission of myriads of spermatia 
betrays their true character. The length of the spermogone in C. aculeata scarcely 
exceeds jth to xth. The cavity is usually simple. The spermatia are straight 
and linear, about sath to oth long, with a breadth of sith to sath. The sterig- 
mata are generally composed of a few linear delicate cells or articulations; 
occasionally they are simple, or consist of single cells, as in Platysma. 
Species 1. C. Islandica, Ach., 
Which is almost a cosmopolite, occurring in Europe, America, and Asia (northern 
Himalayas). 
Specimen 1.—Large form of thallus, with broad laciniz; var. 6. platyna, 
Korn. 44; Ben Macdhui, Braemar (Cairntoul side), August 1856, W. L. L. The 
margins of the lacinize are chiefly naked; the marginal cilia are so short that 
the spermogones appear directly seated on the margins of the lacinize as denti- 
culate warts or tubercles, not distinctly barrel-shaped. 
Specimen 2.—Summit of a hill near Kinsale, Ireland; coll. by J. Suttivan; in 
Herb. Carroll, who says—*“ This is rare in Ireland; I have never observed it.” 
The plant bears no apothecia, as is generally the case also in British specimens ; 
but it is abundantly furnished with marginal cilia, many of which are spermo- 
goniferous. The latter are tipped with small, short, deep-brown barrel-shaped 
warts. The sterile cilia are generally longer, more wavy, and have pale apices. 
The spermatia are rod-shaped, about mth long, and sath broad. The sterig- 
mata are shortish, and consist of a few oblong or linear articulations, as in many 
of the Parmelie. 
Specimen 3.— Hepp. exs. 169 ; among moss on the Hiitli, Switzerland; abun- 
dant in fructification on St Moritz. The spermogoniferous marginal cilia are short, 
but numerous. The sterigmata are of a few articulations, or sub-simple. 
Specimen 4.—Scu 2RER exs. 22 (sub var. vulgaris), Switzerland. The marginal 
cilia are short, and not terminating in a distinct barrel; many of them are bifid, 
trifid, or proliferous. The spermatia are delicate needles of medium size, that 
is, about zuth long, and smth broad. The sterigmata are short, indistinct, 
broadish, and of a few articulations. 
Specimen 5.—Ben Lawers, June 1856, W. L. L. The spermogones are seated 
on longish marginal cilia ; they are broader, or bulge more, towards their apex 

