
OF FILAMENTOUS, FRUTICULOSE, AND FOLIACEOUS LICHENS. 179 
Species 2. P. cucullatum, Hoffm. 
The close ally and frequent companion of the preceding species. On the Nor- 
wegian mountains. I almost always found these two species growing in the same 
tuft. Indeed they would appear to graduate into each other. Their apothecia 
and spermogones are quite alike, as are also their spores and spermatia. The 
spermogones are deep-brown minute tubercles, fringing the crisped margins of 
the lacinize, precisely as in nivale; they are generally flatter and more irregular 
as to size than in the species just named. 
Specomen 1.—ScHZRER exs. 18; Switzerland. The spermogones are chiefly 
seated about the apices of the lacinix. The spermatia are rod-shaped; the sterig- 
mata articulated, thickish, short; their bases pale-brown, as is also the cellular 
tissue of the envelope. 
Specimen 2.—Arctic Coast, Garray Island, 1850, Captain Putten ; Kotzebue 
Sound, Beecuey; apothecia abundant. In all these specimens, which are in Herb. 
Hooker, Kew, the spermogones are as above described, or as described in P. nivale. 
In a specimen from Norton Sound, the Rev. Cuurcaiti Basincron remarks, that 
the “ upper part of the thallus is sparingly fringed with black teeth.”* This he 
does not at all seem to be aware is the ordinary spermogoniferous state of the 
plant. 
Species 3. LP. juniperinum, L., 
And its var. pinastri, Scop. ; both of which occur in America and Europe. Its 
spermogones are similar in site, appearance, and contents, to those of the two 
preceding species, being small black warts or points, fringing the crisped borders 
of the lobes; seldom so numerous or so closely aggregated as to give a nigro-den- 
ticulate character to the thallus, as in P. nivale. They are generally easily dis- 
tinguishable, from the contrast of their dark colour with the beautiful yellow of 
the thallus. Korserr describes the spermatia “as almost club-shaped.” They 
have always appeared to me to be simply needle-shaped, and if there is any de- 
viation from the linear form, it is probably very slight and unimportant. 
Specimen 1.—Scu=RER exs. 20 (sub var. a. terrestris). The spermogones are 
brown; they are most abundant in the right-hand specimen in my copy. The 
envelope is deep-brown, of regular, distinct, roundish cells. The spermatia are 
delicate needles of medium size, longer than in the two preceding species. The 
sterigmata are short, thick, and composed of a few indistinct articulations. 
Specimen 2.—West coast of North America; on twigs; FRANKLIN’s first voyage ; 
Arctic Islets, Sir E. Parry; all in Herb. Hooker, Kew. 
ScHLEICHER’s exs. No. 52, 1810; Alps; P. de Cauteret, Pyrenees, Spruce’s 
* Szrmann’s Botany of the Voyage of H.M.S. Herald, during 1848-52, p.47. Enumeration 
of the Lichens of Norton and Kotzebue Sounds. By Rev. Cuurcuityt Bazineton. 
