OF FILAMENTOUS, FRUTICULOSE, AND FOLIACEOUS LICHENS. 185 
Specimen 2—Rocky Mountains, North America; in Herb. Hooker, Kew. 
Spermogones are abundant as black papill, with central roundish pores or ostioles. 
The spermatia and sterigmata are as described in the preceding species. 
Species 5. U. polyrrhiza, L., 
Which occurs in Europe and Asia. This is the familiar G'yrophora pellita, Ach., 
of the earlier lichenologists. 
Specimen 1.—Hills above Loch Freuchie, Amulree, Perthshire, May 1856, W. 
L. L.; no apothecia. The spermogones are plentiful, especially about the peri- 
phery of the thallus, as small papillee, of the same colour as the thallus. Hence 
they are not easily seen, and this, therefore, is one of the worst species in which 
to study the spermogones of Umbilicaria. These papillz are pierced by a very 
minute, round, or stellate-fissured ostiole. In many cases there are no papille, 
and the ostioles then appear directly to perforate the thallus, which may appear 
studded over with patent, black, irregular perforations, as in P. sazatilis, var. 
omphalodes. ‘ 
Specimen 2.—Lochnagar, Braemar, August 1854; Plants of Braemar, A.CROALL, 
No. 197; with abundant apothecia. The spermogones are chiefly sub-marginal, 
punctiform, depressed, and inconspicuous. In other specimens from the same 
locality, collected by Mr Croatt (in Herb. meo), but not bearing apothecia, the 
margins of the thallus are studded over with minute depressions, which, appear 
to be old spermogones. Papillar spermogones occasionally occur, pierced by a 
black, minute, round, or irregular ostiole. The body of the spermogones has in 
some cases fallen out, leaving saucer-shaped cavities, with turgid black irregular 
borders. 
Specimen 3.—Nighlands of Scotland, 1778, collected by ALEX. Menzies; in 
Herb. Menzies, Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh. The thallus is very pale; 
hence the black apothecia are well seen by contrast of their colour. The spermo- 
gones are also distinct, but they are chiefly old and deformed. 
Specimen 4.—North-west America (sub nom. G. pellita and G. vellea); in 
Herb. Hooker, Kew. Spermogones are plentiful about the periphery of the thallus, 
as small black papillee, scarcely distinguishable, however, on the dark-olive, or 
brown thallus. 
Species 6. U. polyphylla, Hoffm., 
Which occurs in Europe, America, and Asia, with its var. dewsta, Ach., Fr., which 
inhabits Europe and Asia at least. 
Specimen 1.—Ben Macdhui, Braemar, August 1856, W.L. L. This appears 
to be a transition form into U. hyperborea, but the thallus is not vet pustular or 
warted. I may here mention, that most of the British species, at least, of Umbi- 
licaria, pass into each other, as regards the thallus and apothecia; while the 
spores and spermatia are essentially the same in all. 1 therefore prefer, with 
VOL. XXII. PART I. 3B 
