188 DR LAUDER LINDSAY ON THE SPERMOGONES AND PYCNIDES 
ramose. The ordinary sterigmata are about z,th to zath long; the spermatia 
wmth long, and sath broad. 
Specimen 6.—Shores of Loch Muick, Braemar, August 1854; A. Croauu. The 
margins of the thallus are covered with a mass of papillar elevations, apparently of 
the thallus itself, and not differing in colour therefrom, each pierced by a distinct 
round or irregularly fissured ostiole. These are the spermogones which are not 
easily seen, from being concolorous with the thallus. 
Specimen 7.—From Don’s Herbarium, now in the possession of Mr Macnap, 
Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh ; habitat not given. Spermogones are abun- 
dant as large, distinct, cone-like warts, scattered among the apothecia, with gene- 
rally an indistinct stellate-fissured ostiole. 
Specimen 8.—Achtermannshohe, Hartz Mountains, Germany; coll. HAmpE, 
1846; exs. No. 7. The thallus is referrible to U. hyperborea; the apothecia 
resemble those of U. polyrrhiza. Spermogones are abundant as very minute black 
points, 
Specimen 9.—ScHARER exs. 153 ; on granitic rocks ; Alps, Switzerland. The 
spermagones are scattered generally over the thallus as black elevated papille, 
pierced by an indistinct ostiole. 
Species 9. U. proboscidea, DC., 
Which occurs in Europe, America, and Asia. This appears to me a particularly 
ill-marked species, which is partly referrible to U. polyphylla, U. hyperborea, and 
U. cylindrica. 
Specimen 1.—Iceland ; in Herb. Hooker, Kew. The thallus is of a very pale- 
grayish colour, and has submarginal largish black spermogones, whose diameter 
is from sth to zth. 
Species 10. U. cylindrica, L. Fr., 
Which occurs in Europe, America, and New Holland. This is a species or variety 
—according to the view taken of the classification of the Umbilicarias—com- 
paratively well-marked, when it bears its characteristic marginal fibres or cilia ; 
but these are frequently absent, in which case it passes into the preceding species, 
and others. 
Specimen 1.—Top of Ben Lawers, Perthshire, June 1856, W. L. L. The 
thallus is gray, thick, and much curled or gnarled. Spermogones are especially 
abundant on specimens bearing no apothecia; in them they are scattered gene- 
rally over the whole surface, while in specimens with apothecia they are chiefly 
confined to the margins. They are distinct black papille or cones, varying 
greatly in size, some of them very large. In the older spermogones the ostioles are 
large, gaping, and sometimes saucer-shaped; in the younger ones they are some- 

