OF FILAMENTOUS, FRUTICULOSE, AND FOLIACEOUS LICHENS. 193 
breadth of the sterigmata is about ath to anth. The spermatia are so abundant 
as to roughen the sterigmata, as it were, with small bristles; their length is usually 
about zuth to ath. The spermogones of this species probably constitute WaLL- 
ROTH’s variety stigmatea, and are also what he describes as a parasitic Sphwria, 
S. epiblastematica. 
Specimen 1.—Glen Muick, Braemar, Professor DickirE; no apothecia. The 
spermogones are old, and contain no free spermatia. They are scattered indis- 
criminately over the.surface of the thallus, and are not confined to the rugee, as 
is usually the case. They are frequently maculiform and degenerate. 
Specimen 2.—Guttanen Valley, Switzerland; in Herb. Hooker, Kew. The 
rugz are dotted over with abundant, minute, brown, papilleeform or punctiform 
spermogones. One specimen from Menzizs (habitat apparently not given), also in 
Herb. Hooker, has the rugze studded over with punctiform, brown, immersed 
spermogones. The thallus has entire, or nearly entire, large rounded lobes; its 
surface is marked by elevated rug and deep sulci; and its colour is deep-olive. 
It appears to me to be the S. anita, Ach. 
Specimen 3.—Bootan, India, Nurrauu. The spermogones are few, largish, and 
very distinct, scattered on the rugee. Also from Madras, Dr Wicur; East Indies, 
Mr SHEPHERD; all in Herb. Hooker, Kew. The ruge are sharp and well defined, 
and the spermogones scattered over them are largish, distinct, and brown. 
Specimen 4.—North-west America. Spermogones are sometimes here macu- 
liform, that is they are largish, brown spots, rather than mere points. Fort 
Vancouver, Columbia, ScouLErR ; bothin Herb. Hooker, Kew. Spermogones largish 
and distinct, brown, round, impressed. 
SPECIES 2. S. sylvatica, Ach., 
Which occurs in Europe, Africa, and Northern America. I have great doubts as to 
whether this is really separable, on any good grounds, from S. fuliginosa. Though 
this species is rarely found with apothecia, spermogones sometimes occur of the 
same character as those of the preceding species. They are usually, however, so 
minute that they are very apt to be overlooked. The body of the spermogone 
is of a yellowish colour, which contrasts readily with the white medullary tissue 
of the thallus, so that one of the best modes of examining or seeing the spermo- 
gones is to make a section through the brown punctiform ostioles, and through 
the thallus. The spermatia are about ath long. 
Specizs 3. S. cinereo-glauca, Tayl., 
A New Zealand species; in Herb. Hooker, Kew. The spermogones are small, 
inconspicuous, brown papille, scattered here and there over the lobes of the 
thallus. They resemble young apothecia, with which they are apt to be con- - 
VOL. XXII. PART I. 3D 
