OF FILAMENTOUS, FRUTICULOSE, AND FOLIACEOUS LICHENS. 217 
laya, at 8700 feet, ex Herb. Strachey and Winterbottom. All these specimens 
are in Herb. Hooker, Kew. 
Specimen 5.—Var. hypothria, Nyl. “ Lich. Paris.” (exs.) |The spermogones are 
very abundant and distinct on the smooth glaucous thallus, about its periphery, 
as minute, brown, elevated papille. The spermatia are delicate needles, about 
sath long, and s,:th broad; the sterigmata measure about z:th long, and are 
very irregular in outline from the acute angles at which the component cells are 
articulated. 
: Specimen 6.—Var. reticulata, New Zealand, Antarctic Expedition, 1839-43, Dr 
Hooker. The thallus is gray, or ofa very pale brownish-yellow colour, apparently 
the result of desiccation ; some of the lacinize have sorediiferous tips, others have 
black-ciliate margins. The spermogonesare old, few, and scattered about the ends 
of the lacinize or lobes; they contain no free spermatia. There are no apothecia. 
Specomen 7.—Var. rugosa, Blackwater River, County Kerry; coll. Taytor in 
Herb. Mackay, and named by Taytor himself. The spermogones occur mostly 
as brown points scattered about the ends of the lacinize; sometimes they are 
_sub-papilleeform ; when old and degenerate, or when confluent, they occasionally 
_become maculiform. The ostiole is generally so minute as to be inconspicuous ; 
_ but occasionally it has a thick, brown, prominent, ring-like margin. The sper- 
| matia are needle-shaped, about auth long, and s;,,th broad; the sterigmata con- 
| sist of few articulations. Specimens from the same locality in Herb. D. Moore, 
also collected and named by Tayuor himself, are identical with specimens in the 
Herbaria of Mackay and Hooker. ‘The young spermogones are generally puncti- 
form, brown, wholly immersed, studded singly, or in small-groups, on papillar 
elevations of the thallus. The older ones are chiefly single, each being the centre 
of a thalline papilla. The apex of this papilla forms a pale ring round the deep 
| chestnut-coloured ostiole, which is flattened or depressed. Sometimes these old 
| spermogones are so prominent as to appear like Verrucariw, or young apothecia. 
| In the old state of the spermogone, the ostiole is frequently gaping and fissured, 
and surrounded by a deep-brown ring, as is often the case also in P. sazatilis. In 
| a specimen in Herb. Carroll, coll. in County Kerry, in 1842, by D. Moors, the sper- 
| mogones are also old, prominent, brown papille or rings, with gaping ostioles. ‘The 
| plant has apothecia ; the thallus is very white or cream-coloured, smoothish, with 
| frequently proliferous margins. The laciniz are neither lacunose nor rugose ; 
| hence, in this case at least, and perhaps in the majority of cases, the name rugosa 
| is a bad and non-characteristic one. Many of the Irish specimens have a greater 
| resemblance, so far as regards their thallus, to P. sazatilis than to P. sinuosa. A 
| specimen from Dunkerron, Ireland, coll. by Taytor, in Herb. Hooker, Kew, has 
| spermogones which, with age, become brown superficial warts, perched on pale 
|, thalline papillee. The apothecia resemble those of P. saxatilis. 
Specimen 8.—Var. levigata. On Maam, Connemara, Ireland ; coll. D. Moore; 
VOL. XXII. PART I. 3K 






