
OF FILAMENTOUS, FRUTICULOSE, AND FOLIACEOUS LICHENS. 219 
sub-prominent papillae. The cavity is simple; the spermatia are about sth long, 
and sath broad, needle-shaped; the sterigmata are jth to guth long, and consist 
_ of a few articulations only. Projecting from among the latter, are numerous elon- 
gated, very ramose, and delicate filaments, generally about ;th long, asin P. saz- 
atilis, P. physodes, P. perforata, and other Parmelias. 
Species 7. P. mutabilis, Tayl. 
Specimen 1.—On rocks, Uitenhage, Cape of Good Hope; in Herb. Hooker, 
Kew. This plant is at least partly referrible to P. conspersa. The spermogones 
are brown, punctiform, wholly immersed; grouped in considerable numbers on 
the convexities and about the ends of the laciniz. The spermatia are acicular, 
about sth long, and sith broad; the sterigmata about gath to sath long, asso- 
ciated with a few elongated, sterile, ramose filaments, as in P. physodes, &c. 
Species 8. P. Kamtschadalis, Ach. 
An Asiatic species, some of whose varieties, however, occur also in America. 
This species is so protean and puzzling that it is necessary to study very care- 
fully all its varied forms. It appears, on the one hand, to pass into Hvernia fur- 
furacea, and, on the other, into P. physodes and P. perlata. In the Hookerian 
Herbarium it is partly included under the genera Borrera and Evernia, being sup- 
posed, apparently, allied to Hvernia furfuracea, from which, indeed, it is frequently 
indistinguishable on cursory examination. The peculiarity of the plant is that 
the thallus is prolonged into linear, digitate processes, more or less irregular 
in form, which are sometimes convex above, and channelled below, as in Hvernia, 
sometimes fistulose (var. jistulata, Taylor). These thalline processes appear 
analogous to those that occur in Organ Mountain specimens of P. perforata. 
Specimen 1.—Kumaon, India; in Herb. Hooker, Kew. The thalline lobes 
are frequently margined by long, irregular, narrow processes, which are at first 
merely channelled below and convex above, but which, from curling in, or involu- 
tion of the margins, become sub-fistulose and nearly round. The flat processes, 
especially, sometimes give off from their ends secondary or smaller processes of a 
similar kind, in groups or tufts. All these processes are studded over with black, 
punctiform, immersed spermogones, with acicular spermatia, about ath long, and 
sterigmata, consisting of a few articulations, about jth long. Specimens also in 
Herb. Hooker, from Nepaul and the Neilgherry Hills, India (ex. Herb. Montagne), 
have laciniz abundantly dotted over with spermogones, resembling those of 
P. physodes, vay. vittata, Scherer. Some forms of this species are also very like 
P. perlata. 
Specimen 2.—On the white oak, California; coll. DrtaHron, 1857. The apo- 
thecia resemble those of P. physodes; but they are scattered about the ends 
