
OF FILAMENTOUS, FRUTICULOSE, AND FOLIACEOUS LICHENS. 221 
Thus Scxarer’s varieties y. multipuncta and 6. vittata of his P. ceratophylla, as 
well as the var. stzgmatca of Wallroth, are mainly or merely spermogoniferous 
states. The spermogones are usually largish and distinct, scattered about the 
ends of the lacinie ; they are black, punctiform, and immersed. In the old state 
the ostioles frequently become large and distinct, generally round, though often 
_ stellate-fissured, sometimes surrounded by a turgid brown ring; at other times 
they are confluent and maculiform. The spermatia are acicular, and about 
anth to mth long, and s5nth to sooth broad. The sterigmata are usually com- 
posed of a few delicate cylindrical articulations, and measure in length, with the 
spermatia attached, about 7th to ;~th, their breadth being about zisth to puth. 
Associated with the ordinary spermatiferous sterigmata are elongated, very deli- 
cate, branching and anastomosing filaments, which project into and fill the cavity 
| of the spermogone. Their length is frequently about sth to sth. 
Specimen 1.—Craigie Hill, Perth; on old walls; April 1856, W. L. L.  Sper- 
| mogones are very abundant, in all their stages of development. The older ones 
have a distinct round black ostiole, surrounded by a prominent ring or border, 
| brown or black. Sometimes, on the darker lacinize, contiguous ostioles are united 
| by black fissures passing between them ; sometimes they become confluent and 
maculiform. This specimen has abundant apothecia ; the young ones sometimes 
| resemble the brown rings which occasionally surround the spermogonal ostiole. 
There is great. variety in regard to the form and size of the laciniz: sometimes 
they are short and broad ; at other times long and narrow, terminating or not in 
soredia. 
Specimen 2.—Blaeberry Hill, Perth, April 1856, W. L. L.; on the bark of firs 
and other trees. The thallus has short broad lacinize. Many of the spermogonal 
ostioles are depressed; sometimes a chain or group of ostioles is united by a 
series of black cracks or fissures. The ostiole has also frequently a prominent 
black border. Corticolous specimens are destitute of apothecia, which, however, 
occur sparingly on saxicolous ones in this locality. 
Specimen 3.—Kinnoull Hill, Perth, March 1856, W. L. L.; on the stumps of 
dead firs and pines; with apothecia. The spermogones are few; the laciniz are 
elongated and sorediiferous, and inflated at the ends. 
Specimen 4.—Knock Hill, Crieff, June 1856, W. L. L.; on the bark of firs and 
pines, especially the Scotch fir (Pinus sylvestris). The apothecia are very abun- 
dant, more so than in any specimens of this species I have ever collected or seen. 
The spermogones are also plentiful. 
Specimen 5.—Moncreiffe Hill, Perth, on rocks, August 1856 ; coll. Dr Murray 
Linpsay ; broad-lobed form ; no apothecia. 
Specimen 6.—In woods, between Dalmahoy and Currie, near Edinburgh, June 
» 1856; coll. Dr Murray Linpsay; on trees; with apothecia. The thallus is of a 
dark-gray; the laciniz are narrow, elongated, and sorediiferous. The spermo- 
VOL. XXII. PART I. 3 L 
