224 DR LAUDER LINDSAY ON THE SPERMOGONES AND PYCNIDES 
tiferous sterigmata, occur the elongated, branching ones, already so frequently 
described. 
Specimen 22.—Var. enteromorpha, Falkland Islands, Antarctic Expedition, 
1839-43, Dr Hooker. The laciniz are longish and narrow, convex above; concave 
under surface of a pitchy black colour. The spermogones are as in No. 21. 
Specimen 23.—Var. enteromorpha, West Coast of North America; coll. A. MEN- 
ziES, 1787; in Herb. Menzies, Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh. The ends of 
the lacinize, which otherwise resemble those described in No. 22, are bullose or in- 
flated; on these bullose extremities the apothecia are seated. The spermogones 
are abundant, and as in No. 21. In American specimens they sometimes become 
papillzeform, but more usually they are punctiform. Spermogones are also plen- 
tiful in specimens from the North-West Coast of America, DoueLas; Russian 
America; the Oregon River, ScouLER ; and Monterrey, California, BEEcHEY,—all 
in Herb. Hooker, Kew. 
SPECIES 12. P. encausta, Ach., 
Which is more or less abundant in various alpine parts of Europe. As I have 
already stated, I regard it simply as a variety—an alpine spermogoniferous one— 
of the preceding species. The spermogones are generally much more profusely 
scattered and easily seen than in P. physodes; they are larger, and cover over 
the whole surface of the laciniz and thallus. They are wholly immersed, their 
form subspherical, their cavity simple, their thickish envelope at first grayish, but 
becoming black. The spermatia, sterigmata, and ramose filaments of the spermo- 
gones are precisely as in P. physodes. The thallus, however, is much thicker, 
generally coriaceous ; the lacinize very narrow, and convex on their upper surface. 
Specimen 1.—Var. stygioides ; summit of Cairngorm, Braemar, August 1856, 
W.L. L. The thallus is centrally of a brown tinge, and pale or whitish only at the 
periphery. From its great general resemblance to P. stygia, with which it is very 
apt to be confounded, I propose designating this plant, provisionally at least, var. 
stygioides. The spermogones are very distinct on the laciniz, as small black cones 
or papille. I have gathered similar specimens, but in very small quantity, on 
Morchone, Braemar; in considerable abundance, however, on the summit of Ben 
Nevis. The lacinize are frequently sub-articulated ; the spermogones are sometimes 
large and irregular, with ostioles which are patent and easily seen. Sometimes the 
segments of the thallus are lobes instead of lacinize, broadening at their periphery or 
ends, and dotted over with punctiform spermogones, as in the ordinary form of 
P. physodes. These are evidently transition forms into P. physodes, and furnish 
strong reasons for associating P. encausta with P. physodes. In Cairngorm speci- 
mens, the spermogones are very easily recognised, when the thallus is greenish or 
pale. In the young state they are papillar; in the old, the ostiole is prominent, 
large, and roundish, sometimes surrounded by a turgid, black, ring-like border ; 
ae 
