
OF FILAMENTOUS, FRUTICULOSE, AND FOLIACEOUS LICHENS. 225 
at other times they are depressed or flattened. The lacinize are sometimes profusely 
covered with black holes or perforations, which are the ostioles in question; this 
is the source or cause of their frequently pitted character. The spermogonal 
envelope is of a deep-brown colour, and consists of a tissue made up of small but 
well-defined roundish cellules. The spermatia are rod-shaped, about z,th long, 
borne on the apices and sides of very ramose, delicate, articulated sterigmata. 
Associated with the latter are numerous elongated branching filaments, with bulg- 
ing extremities, which project into and fill up the cavity of the spermogone. In 
the Morchone specimens, which occur on quartz rock and gneiss, the spermo- 
gones are mostly old, with large ostioles, which give the thallus the appearance 
of being jagged all over with large black foramina. 
Speciinen 2.—ScHAERER exs. 368 (sub Parmelia ceratophylla, n. multipuncta) ; 
on granitic rocks in the Alps; on the lower specimen in my copy (ed. alt. immut. 
1840) the upper one being certainly referrible to P. saxatilis, the furfuraceous 
form of thallus. The spermogones are abundantly scattered over all the lacinize as 
minute black papilla. The spermatia are acicular, about gath to sath long. 
The sterigmata consist of articulations, jomed at very irregular angles; with the 
spermatia attached, they measure in length th to gpth. Korser very erroneously 
describes the spermatia of P. encausta as ellipsoid. I have never seen them other- 
wise than acicular, and as in P. physodes. 
Specimen 3.—Hepr. exs. 52 (sub Jinbricaria ceratophylla, var. candefacta, Ach.); 
on granitic rocks, St Moritz, Switzerland. The thallus is very beautifully studded 
over with the spermogones, which are chiefly old, containing no free spermatia. 
They occur partly as largish, distinct cones, partly as black perforations, which 
are the old ostioles. In a specimen in Hepp.’s exs. 40, occurring on moss at St 
Moritz, associated with Lecidea disciformis, var. muscorum, the thallus is as plen- 
tifully covered with spermogones, which, however, are mostly young; the sper- 
matia and sterigmata are as in No. 2. 
Specimen 4.—On rocks, Bructeri, Hartz district, Germany, Hamre exs. No. 2 
(sub P. physodes, B. encausta, Fr.), 1846; tops of the mountains near Kongsvold, 
Dovrefjeld, Norway, SomMERFELDT, Un. Itin., 1828; Alps of Dalecarlia, Sweden, 
Dr Swartz, 1809; Riesengebirge, Dr C. Lupwie, 1814; Hartz Mountains, Mour, 
1802; Grimsel, Switzerland, ScH#reEr, 1815 ;—all in Herb. Hooker, Kew. Also 
from the Glaciers of Savoy, Smita; in Herb. Menzies, Royal Botanic Garden, 
Edinburgh. In all these specimens spermogones, having the characters described 
in No. 2, are abundant. 
Species 13. P. pertusa, Scherer, 
Which occurs in Europe, America, Asia, and Australia, and which is AcHartus’ 
P. diatrypa. 1 also refer this plant as a variety to P. physodes. It differs in 
nowise from that species, except in regard to the ends of the lacinize being occa- 
VOL. XXII. PART I. 3 M 
