
OF FILAMENTOUS, FRUTICULOSE, AND FOLIACEOUS LICHENS. 229 
of a macula, or perhaps papillate. The spermatia are acicular, about sath long, 
and smth broad. The sterigmata are about zath to ith long, and consist of a 
few linear articulations. 
Specimen 11.—Var. panniformis, Scheer. ; on alpine rocks, Switzerland ; in Herb. 
Hooker, Kew. There are a few scattered spermogones, of the character of those of 
the type; but they are old, and contain only sterile, branching, delicate filaments. 
Specimen 12.—Var. omphalodes ; hills above Abernethy, 1856, W. L. L.; with 
apothecia. Some of the spermogones are distinctly papilleeform, and large; but 
they occur chiefly in the old state as ostioles,—trianeular or stellate-fissured, large 
and black, with a turgid black edge,—studded over the ends of the laciniz. Asa 
general rule, the spermogones are larger in this variety than in the type, and the 
large gaping ostioles of the old spermogones are particularly conspicuous. 
| Specimen 13.—Var. omphalodes ; hills above Loch Freuchie, Amulree, May 1856, 
W.L. L.; with apothecia. The ends of the dark lacinize appear as if perforated 
with a series of black holes, which are sometimes round, more frequently stellate- 
fissured, even saucer-shaped. ‘These are the ostioles of old spermogones, which 
are sometimes, moreover, confluent, or are united to each other by black, radi- 
| ating fissures. 
Specimen 14.—Var. omphalodes ; Birnam Hill, Dunkeld; on mica slate and 
gneiss ; July 1855, W. L. L.; with apothecia. The old ostioles are so abundant 
| here as to give the laciniz the appearance of having been profusely pricked by 
needle-points. They are as irregular as those described in No. 13. They some- 
times have a black prominent border ; are sometimes flat, and at other times de- 
pressed. There are also a few young and mature spermogones, containing sper- 
matia and sterigmata of the characters of the type. Craig Vinean, Dunkeld, May 
1856, W. L. L. Here also the spermogones are chiefly old, the wk being 
sometimes seated in a papillar elevation of the thallus. 
Specimen 15.—Croauw’s Plants of Braemar, No. 390, common, July 1855. 
The dark, bronze-coloured lacinize are covered by a peculiar bluish-gray pruina 
or bloom, through which the spermogones appear as minute points or papillee. 
Clova, Forfarshire, Croauu, July 1853; with apothecia. The ends of the smaller 
laciniz are jagged over with the depressed, irregular, patent black ostioles of old 
spermogones. 
Specimen 16.—Bunbeg, County Donegal, Professor Dickin, August 1851. The 
lacinice are narrow, and many of them are covered with a pruina or bloom of a pecu- 
liar bluish-gray tint, as in No. 15; this gives the plant much the aspect of Physcia 
pulverulenia. In respect to colour, this plant is intermediate between the type 
and var. omphalodes. There are no apothecia; but spermogones are plentiful. 
They are chiefly old, with gaping ostioles, and are distinct under the lens. The 
spermatia are acicular, about auth long, and sjth broad. The sterigmata 
' measure about th to goth in length, and jonth to zmth in breadth; they con- 
VOL. XXII. PART I. 3N 
