
OF FILAMENTOUS, FRUTICULOSHE, AND FOLIACEOUS LICHENS. 233 
might with those of P. conspersa. The spermogones of L. oxyspora, however, 
will always be found intermixed with its apothecia, and these generally occur on 
deformed bullose or wart-like portions of the thallus of P. conspersa, somewhat 
resembling those of P. sawatilis, P. olivacea, Platysima glaucum, and other lichens 
on which the same Leczdea is sometimes parasitic. In this individual specimen 
I do not find the spermogones of L. oxyspora ; but they will be found described 
in my “ Monograph of the Genus Adrothallus.” The spermatia are like those of 
P. conspersa ; but the sterigmata differ, in being simple and non-articulated. 
Specimen 7.—Var. leonora (sub Parmelia leonora, Spr.; P. conspersa, var. 
multijida, Flot.) ; near Constantia, Northern Africa, Dr Kraup; in Herb. Hooker, 
Kew. The thallus has narrow linear laciniz, sub-convex above, and distinctly 
dotted over with the black ostioles of immersed spermogones, which are frequently 
depressed, frequently surrounded by a black ring, or seated in the centre of a 
black macula. The spermatia and sterigmata are precisely as in our British 
P. conspersa. 
Specimen 8.—P. Tasinanica, Tayl., if it is not referrible here as a variety, is a 
closely allied species. Van Dieman’s Land, Gunn; in Herb. Hooker, Kew. In re- 
gard to the size of its lobes, it is intermediate between the ordinary forms of P. con- 
spersa and P. caperata. Its spores are oval and simple, like those of P. conspersa. 
The spermogones are confined to the margins of the lobes; they are black, puncti- 
form, and grouped. The older ones have very irregular, often stellate-fissured 
ostioles; the spermatia are acicular, about th long; the sterigmata quite as 
in P. conspersa. Some specimens of this supposed species seem to me, also, pro- 
bably referrible to P. sinwosa. The character of the thallus and the site of the 
spermogones approximate it, in some cases, more to P. simuosa than to P. con- 
spersa. 
Specimen 9.—P. cribellata, Tayl., is also a closely allied species to, if it is not 
a variety of, P. conspersa. West Coast of America; in Herb. Hooker, Kew. The 
spermogones are punctiform and abundant about the ends of the lobes; they are 
usually larger and more distinct than those of P. conspersa. Frequently they 
are minute black papilla, rough on their outer surface. The spermatia and 
sterigmata are the same, in regard to size and other characters, as those of 
P. conspersa. ; 
Species 19. P. centrifuga, Ach., 
Which occurs in the northern parts of both Europe and America. On the Nor- 
wegian Alps, I have gathered it in great abundance and great beauty. I do not 
regard it as a separate species, but refer it, scarcely even as a well-marked 
variety, to P. conspersa. 
Specimen 1.—FRANKLIN’s First Journey ; in Herb. Hooker, Kew. The thallus 
is of a lighter yellow than P. conspersa usually possesses ; the lacinize are narrow 
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