238 DR LAUDER LINDSAY ON THE SPERMOGONES AND PYCNIDES 
and contain no spermatia at all. The spermatia are rod-shaped, and about 
anth to gmnth long. 
Specimen 1.—Hills above Loch Freuchie, Amulree, Perthshire, May 1856, 
W.L. L. The spermogones are abundant as small irregular warts, fringing the 
margins of the sub-compressed laciniz. They are generally of a deeper black 
colour than the lacinize, and have amore or less distinct and patent ostiole. They 
vary much in size; sometimes they are confluent, and then become very irregular. 
They are generally arranged in a linear series along the edge of the laciniz, but 
sometimes they are clustered thickly about their ends. In some cases the apex 
of a lacinia consists of an irregular fusiform bulging or swelling, pierced by a 
number of minute perforations, irregularly distributed, and of a deeper black than 
the swellings in question, or than the general surface of the thallus. These per- 
forations are the ostioles of confluent and compound spermogones, and closely 
resemble what occurs normally and regularly in Neuropogon melaxanthus and 
Alectoria Taylort. 
Specimen 2.—Summit of Morchone, Braemar, August 1856, W. L. L. The 
spermogones are as described in No. 1. The spermatia are rod-shaped, about 
th long, borne on the apices of sub-simple linear sterigmata, which are ramose 
at the base. They are frequently sub-digitate, apparently given off as finger-like 
processes or elongations from basal tubes or cells. They are almost always very 
delicate and indistinct. 
Specimen 3.—Hills east of Sligachan, Skye, August 1856,W. L. L. The 
spermogones are sparingly distributed; they are chiefly old, and are marked by 
large, gaping ostioles. 
Specimen 4.—High Mountains, County Kerry; coll. Taytor; in Herb. Hooker, 
Kew. There are spermogones, resembling those above described, but no apothecia. 
Specimen 5.—ScHARER exs. 256 (sub Cetraria); on stones in the higher Alps ; 
with apothecia. The spermogones are mostly old, containing no free spermatia ; 
they are black tubercles, scattered along the edges of the flattened linear laciniz, 
to which they give a minutely denticulate character. Most of them are perforated 
by a large, gaping ostiole. 
GENUS IV. Puyscta, Fr., yl. 
I do not think that Physcia should be separated from Parmelia, save as a 
section or sub-division. Its spermogones are essentially the same, though there 
are several points of difference as well as resemblance. Their site is usually the 
same—they are more or less inmersed—the spermatia are straight and linear, 
borne on articulated sterigmata. In Physcia, however, the spermogones are 
usually larger and more conspicuous than in Parmelia ; their colour is sometimes 
orange-red or yellow, as well as brown or black; the spermatia are mostly 
smaller, and the sterigmata longer and composed of more numerous and shorter 

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