248 DR LAUDER LINDSAY ON THE SPERMOGONES AND PYCNIDES 
scattered about the ends of the narrow white-pruinose laciniz. Some of the 
sterigmata have a brownish colour ; they are composed of short broad articula- 
tions. 
Specimen 5.—SCHAERER, exs. 353 (sub a. chloantha); on the trunks of trees 
about Berne. The spermogones are small, distinct, deep olive-coloured papille, 
sparingly scattered—generally isolated—near the ends of the narrow laciniz. The 
spermatia are rod-shaped, about sth long; the sterigmata are composed of a 
few short articulations. Exs. 354 (sub y orbicularis); on tiles and rafters about 
Belp. The spermogones are as just described ; the spermatia are sub-ellipsoid, 
about wath long. Exs. 609 (sub var. nigricans) ; on poplars about Bienne. The 
spermogones are abundant as deep olive-brown, prominent, roundish tubercles, 
sparingly scattered about the margins of the lobes. The spermatia are about 
iowth long; the sterigmata are very delicate, narrow, about jth to jth long, 
and composed of three or four, seldom more, articulations. 
Specimen 6.—Var. jirmula, Nyl. (Syn. Physcia jirmula, Nyl.) Nytanpsr places 
P. firmula under P. obscura ; but I am inclined to refer it rather to P. speciosa. 
A specimen of P. speciosa from Lachen, Sikkim, Himalaya (alpine region, at 13,000 
feet, with apothecia, in Herb. Hooker, Kew), NyLANDER labels ‘‘Transiens in Ph. jir- 
mulam, Nyl.,” which would imply that he regards the latter as, at least, very near 
P. speciosa. But in his “ Enumeration générale des Lichens,” p. 106, he places 
P. speciosa beside P. leucomela, and P. obscura beside P. pulverulenta. Chong- 
tam, Sikkim, Himalaya; temperate region, at 6000 feet. The thallus is whitish 
and waxy, with marginal black fibres; the lobes are short, thick, sub-erect. The 
sterile lobes are studded over with large spermogones, usually one or two, not 
more than two or three, occurring about the end of each lacinia. They are large 
brown cones, generally flattened; their body is a large hard white kernel, immersed 
in the medullary tissue of the thallus. The spermatia are gnth long, and qth 
broad ; the spermatia are very indistinct. Dr Hooker, in his Herbarium, refers 
the plant to P. speciosa. 
Species 10. P. pulverulenta, Fr., 
Is a familiar and widely spread species, occurring in Europe, Africa, and Northern 
America. Its spermogones closely resemble those of the preceding species; but they 
are usually larger and more prominent. They are cones or tubercles, the former 
generally when single, the latter when compound and formed of several confiuent 
spermogones. They are frequently, like the thallus, dusted over with a fine white 
pruina or powder. Sometimes they are so abundant, according to KorBER, as to 
give the whole thallus an isidioid character. The ostiole is often stellate-fissured, 
and comparatively conspicuous, especially in the old state of the spermogone. The — 
internal tissue is white, solid or dense, being hence easily divided into thin sec- 
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