252 DR LAUDER LINDSAY ON THE SPERMOGONES AND PYCNIDES 
spores, instead of eight. It seldom occurs bearing apothecia, and its spermogones 
are not very common or abundant. Externally, they are those of P. parietina ;— 
but, in regard to their contents, they differ considerably in the specimens I have — 
examined. KorBeEr says, “ Spermogonien unbekannt.” This species is the var. 
candelaria of P. parietina of older lichenologists ; and some modern writers have 
constituted it not only into a separate species, but into a separate genus under 
the name of Candelaria vulgaris (Massalongho, jide Korb. 120). 
Specimen 1.—ScH#RER exs. 382 (sub Parmelia parietina, €. candelaris); on 
trees and stones, Switzerland. The external appearance and site of the spermo-— 
gones are the same as in P. parietina; but the spermatia and sterigmata differ 
remarkably. The spermatia are atomic in size, ellipsoid or oval, in myriads, re- 
sembling en masse a quantity of fish-roe. The sterigmata are simple linear cells, 
branching below as in Lichina, Ramalina, and other lichens, having single sterig- 
mata measuring with the spermatia attached about ;,th long. The spermo- 
gonal envelope is pale or colourless, never brown. Some of the spermogones are 
comparatively large and wart-like, closely resembling nascent apothecia; the 
ostiole, as in P. parietind, is usually indistinct. 
Species 1d. P. flammea, Ach. 
There has been some difficulty as to the position of this plant. It is the Du- 
fourea flammea of older authors. NyLAnpeEr places it as a distinct species beside 
P. parietina ; while Laurent makes it a mere var. of P. parietina. In the latter 
view I concur. It is a very beautiful plant, with podetia-like ramules or seg- 
ments, broadish, rounded, hollow, and with extremely thin papyraceous walls. Its 
colour and general aspect are those of P. parietina, and its spermogones are quite 
those of that species. . 
Specimen 1.—Cape of Good Hope ; also Uitenhage, on trees ; Cape Diege, Africa ; 
—all in Herb. Hooker, Kew. The spermogones are scattered on the outside of the 
fistulose segments of the thallus, especially about the tips. They are small orange 
tubercles, deeper in colour than the thallus. The spermatia are sub-ellipsoid, — 
about jimth to pacth long, and sooth broad; the arthrosterigmata are about 4th 
to mth long, and sath broad. 
SPECIES 16. P. chrysophthalma, DC., 
A beautiful, small species, which grows in Europe, Africa, America, Polynesia, 
and Australia. The spermogones are essentially those of P. parietina, but they — 
are frequently larger and more distinct. 
Specimen 1.—Scu#RER exs. 389 (sub. Parmelia); on fruit-trees, Switzerland ; 
Scuimper. The spermogones are small orange-red tubercles, scattered about the 
ends of the laciniz; the spermatia and sterigmata are those of P. parietina. 
Specimen 2.—Long Island, North America, May 1856; coll. Dr A. O. BropiE;— 
with plentiful apothecia. A few spermogones are distributed in groups about the 

