256 DR LAUDER LINDSAY ON THE SPERMOGONES.AND PYCNIDES 
carpia, which should not, I think, be separated as a genus from Pannaria. They 
are largish warts or papillee, scattered about the periphery of the thallus, flattened 
on the apex, generally brown or black, reddish in P. muscorum. The spermo- 
gones sometimes, in old age, become black internally. The sterigmata are articu- 
lated as in Physcia ; the component cellules being numerous, short, roundish or 
cubical, and with walls thickened by internal deposits. They occasionally, in old 
age, and especially about their base, acquire a blackish tint, as in P. triptophylla. 
The spermatia are rod-shaped, varying in length from zath to sath. 
Species 1. P. pannosa, Del., 
Is common in a@// tropical countries, and also occurs in the Sandwich Islands. 
Specimen 1.—Low Island, Brecnty. The spermogones are abundant as small 
papillee, scattered here and there in the direction of the radiations of the laciniee, 
between the centre region occupied by the apothecia and the margin of the thallus. 
The apex is marked by a brown, roundish or elongated ostiole. Philippine Islands, 
Cumine; both in Herb. Hooker, Kew. The spermogones are scattered about the 
periphery of the thallus, as brown papillze, sometimes seated on slight elevations 
of the thallus. 
SPECIES 2. P. rubiginosa, Del., 
Which occurs in America as well as in Europe. 
Specimen 1.—LEIGHTON exs. 234 (sub. Parmelia, E. B. 983) ; Keswick, Cumber- 
land. The spermogones are similar to those of Coccocarpia plumbea, both exter- 
nally as to appearance and site, and internally as to structure or contents. ‘The 
whole plant is closely allied to C. plumbea. Indeed, I am inclined to refer both — 
to a common type; and [ look upon NyLaNnpeEr’s arrangement, which separates 
them, as a most artificial and unnatural one. 
SpPEcIES 3. P. triptophylla, Ach., Fr., 
Like the preceding, occurs both in America and Europe. 
Specimen 1.—ScH#RER exs. 159 (sub. Lecidea microphylla a. Schraderi) ; on 
the trunks of trees in alpine woods, Switzerland. The spermogones are small, 
round, black, roe-like bodies, grouped closely together. The envelope is com-— 
posed of cellules having an indigo-blue colour; the spermogonal cavity is simple. 
The spermatia are rod-shaped, about swth long, and santh broad. The sterigmata q 
appeared to me simple, linear, short filaments, sometimes branching very slightly 
below. This is exceptional—the sterigmata of Pannaria being, as I have already 
mentioned, normally articulated. 
Species 4. P. muscorum, Ach., Del. 
Specimen 1.—ScHARER exs. 482 (sub. Parmelia carnosa); on granite rocks 
in the Alps. The spermogones are largish, distinct, flattened, reddish-brown 
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