268 DR LAUDER LINDSAY ON THE SPERMOGONES AND PYCNIDES 
truncate ends, given off as terminal cells or articulations from the apices of the — 
sterigmata. Taf 
Specimen 1.—Mr Harriman,—probably from some of the northern counties o 
England, though no habitat is given; in Herb. Hooker, Kew. The spermogones — 
are abundant as small, but, under the lens, distinct, spherical swellings of, or | 
tubercles attached to, the filaments or segments of the thallus; they are of a 
brown colour, while the thalline filaments are of a deep bottle-green. The sper- 
matia are sub-ellipsoid, about gath to zoth long, and sonth broad, given off from 
the tips of delicate, linear, simple sterigmata, about jth to zcth long, and of equal 
breadth with the spermatia. Some of the sterigmata, especially in old spermo- — 
gones, become elongated and hypertrophied, projecting into the free cavity of the 
spermogone as in Aamalina, and in many Parmeliw. NyLANDER has seen the 
same phenomenon, but he describes it asan abnormal condition. On this subject, 
I would only refer to what I have already said under the head of Placodium cir- 
cinatum (p. 263).  Ephebe pubescens is sometimes confounded with Parmelia 
lanata, to which it certainly bears a considerable resemblance. This mistake 
has occurred in Herb. Menzies, Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh (pro parte). 
The character of the apothecia, the stronger segments of the thallus, and the dif- 
ferent spermogones, will at once, however, serve to distinguish the two plants. 
GENUS Il. Licnina, Ag. 
The spermogones of Lichina, to a certain extent, resemble those of Ephebe ; but 
they are greatly larger. They are seated in spherical or ovoid dilatations of the 
ramuscles or segments of the thallus. Where they are placed below the apothecia, 
as in L. pygmea, they appear mere dilatations of the thalline ramuscle as in 
Ephebe; where they are terminal, as in L. conjinis, they appear large barrel or 
tub shaped bodies, resembling the spermogones of Cladonia, except in that they 
are much larger. In the latter species, also, they are sometimes seated directly 
on the apothecia, as also happens occasionally in Cladonia rangiferina ; in such 
circumstances they are barrel-shaped, more so than when they form horn-like 
terminations to the thalline ramuscles. The ostiole is usually very minute and 
inconspicuous. The cavity is generally divided into sinuous compartments. 
The spermatia are ovoid or ellipsoid, about zath to th long, and »ith broad, 
seated on the ends of linear, simple sterigmata, about jth to guth long, sub- 
ramose at the base as in Ramalina. The presence of these spermogones is a strong 
reason, among many others, for dissociating this genus from the Alga, and placing 
it permanently among the Lichens. 
Species 1. ZL. pygmea, Ag. 
The spermogones, in specimens which I have examined, are terminal, occu- — 
pying the same relative position as the apothecia. They are spherical, large, 

